[en] The method with use the ceramic material thermoluminescence was developed for definition of radiation contamination consequences on population after the lapse of protracted time intervals. It was noted that the 'pre-dose' method of quartz thermal illumination within low-temperature range (100 deg C) is more sensitive modification of this method. The method is based on a linear dependence from accumulated dose D_irr of light yield S of low temperature luminescence after quartz sample thermo activation under high temperatures irradiated by low 'test' dose - D_t: S=D_t · (K_o+K · D_irr). Doses which accumulated in the samples of red brick were measured with help of this technique in populated points of Altaj region and the Republic of Altaj

No abstract available

[en] Ionizing radiations produce biological effects by physical interaction mechanism, i.e., by nuclear and atomic collisions resulting in ionizations and excitations in the irradiated target. Differences in the Radio Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of the different type of radiation result in a particular type of microdosimetric distribution spectra of the primary radiation products. Microdosimetric parameters of γ-F, γ-F and Q are calculated using the Monte-Carlo code in order to characterize these distributions. In addition, ICRP 21 and ICRP 60 data have been used in order to derive the quality factors Q and dose equivalent H for the radiation protection purposes. The discrepancies in microdosimetric parameters may be due to incorrect quality factors for secondary charged particles used in earlier findings and by large statistical errors in many cases

[en] High pre- and post-irradiation fading prevents the attainment of high accuracy in dosimetry measurements, especially in routine dosimetry when the exact duration and time of exposure are not known. The phenomenon of pre-irradiation or post- irradiation fading has been studied extensively, both experimentally and theoretically for LiF:Mg,Ti dosemeters, but the data reported in the literature vary considerably (1). Many factors affect this phenomenon, including the major influence of inclusion or exclusion of the different peaks of the glow curve in the TL signal. It was reported (2,3) that little fading occurred when the lower peaks of the glow curve, the rapidly fading peaks 2 and 3, or peak 2 alone, were excluded from the integrated glow curve. (authors)

[en] In the present work we are presenting evaluations of the photo induced thermoluminescence effects for gamma and neutron irradiations, for several exposures. We have checked the PTTL values LiF:Mg,Ti chips for gamma and neutron radiations, and found significant differences.We have also measured the photo induced thermoluminescence of several phosphors, in order to evaluate the background of the measurements.The glow curve of the photo induced thermoluminescence compared with the glow curve of the photo induced thermoluminescence is presented and the glow curve of the LiF:Mg,TI phosphor, irradiated by thermal neutrons and gamma rays are given too. (authors)

[en] Several alternative approaches to address the question open-quotes How safe is safe enough?close quotes are reviewed and an attempt is made to apply the reasoning behind these approaches to the issue of acceptability of radiation exposures received in space. The approaches to the issue of the acceptability of technological risk described here are primarily analytical, and are drawn from examples in the management of environmental health risks. These include risk-based approaches, in which specific quantitative risk targets determine the acceptability of an activity, and cost-benefit and decision analysis, which generally focus on the estimation and evaluation of risks, benefits and costs, in a framework that balances these factors against each other. These analytical methods tend by their quantitative nature to emphasize the magnitude of risks, costs and alternatives, and to downplay other factors, especially those that are not easily expressed in quantitative terms, that affect acceptance or rejection of risk. Such other factors include the issues of risk perceptions and how and by whom risk decisions are made

[en] Recent new legislation in the Czech Republic (Law on Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy and Ionizing Radiation [2]) is based on the ICRP Report 60 [3] and New International Basic Safety Standards [4]. Concerning the personal monitoring of workers, licensee will be responsible not only to designate controlled areas where specific protective measures are required for control of occupational radiation exposures (ORE) and prevention of the spread of contamination during normal working conditions, but shall also maintain exposure records for each worker for whom assessment of ORE is required. This duty of licensee is given in new Regulation on Radiation Protection No.184 adopted in August 1997 [1]. In accordance with this Regulation one duty of licensee is to send results of personal monitoring to the State Office for Nuclear Safety. The Central Registry of Occupational Exposures (CROE) was regularly established for this purpose in the State Office for Nuclear Safety and rules for handling, maintenance and protection of data were defined. The data collected in CROE were used for the evaluation of trends of occupational exposures in the Czech Republic in the period 1990 - 1994 years also for the UNSCEAR survey. Basic information about the methods used for ORE evaluation, comments for different occupational groups and general conclusions are presented. It is concluded that general trend of the occupational exposures in the Czech Republic is constant with the average value of effective dose equivalent 1.02 mSv (without workers in uranium industry). It is observed the slight increase of exposures in medicine related with the reorganisation on this field and significant decrease in uranium industry related with the suppression of uranium production. (author)

[en] The Effective Dose Equivalent (EDE) to the Cypriot population due to Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine procedures has been estimated from data published by the Government of Cyprus, in its Health and Hospital Statistics Series for the years 1990, 1991, and 1992. The average EDE per patient was estimated to be 3,09, 3,75 and 4,01 microSievert for 1990, 1991 and 1992 respectively, while the per caput EDE was estimated to be 11,75, 15,16 and 17,09 microSieverts for 1990, 1991 and 1992 respectively, from the procedures in the public sector. (author)

[en] The coordinated Research Programme (CRP) on Compilation of Anatomical, Physiological and Metabolic Characteristics for a Reference Asian Man has been conducted as a programme of the IAEA Regional Co-operative Agreement (RCA) for Asia and the Pacific. The CRP was conducted to provide data for radiation protection purposes that is relevant to the biokinetic and dosimetric characteristics of the ethnic populations in the Asian region The radiological protection decisions that had to be made in the RCA member States following the Chernobyl accident were a significant motivation for establishing the CRP. Funding for the RCM by the Government of Japan is gratefully acknowledged. The IAEA wishes to thank S. Kobayashi for his efforts in support of the CRP. The IAEA extends its appreciation to the Japanese National Institute of Radiological Sciences for acting as the technical secretariat to co-ordinate the work of data compilation. Specifically, the IAEA acknowledges the contributions of H. Kawamura, G. Tanaka and T. Koyanagi. Appreciation is also extended to the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan, the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India, and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences for the valuable contribution they made to the CRP as hosts for the RCMS. The IAEA officers responsible for this publication were A. Moiseev and R.V. Griffith of the Division of Radiation and Waste Safety. This publication is divided into two volumes: Volume 1 contains a summary of the data and conclusions from the project and Volume 2 the reports from participating countries

[en] This study has been conducted to obtain, assess and interpret data on morphological, anatomical, chemical and metabolic characteristics of Indonesian population of all ages for establishing an Indonesian Reference Man. The paper presents age and sex specific data on physical anthropometric measurements, and on weights and dimensions of internal organs of normal and healthy Indonesian people. In addition, the content of selected elements in main organs and foodstuff, and the data of daily food consumption of well nourished individuals in three different regions of Indonesia are also presented. Approximately 804 people of all ages were measured to obtain the physical/anthropometric data. The people chosen were from 3 Indonesian regions representing the middle class socioeconomic population. The average body weight and total body height of the age group 20-39 years were found to be 53.5 kg (range: 40-70 kg) and 160.4 cm (range: 147.3-179.8 cm) for males and 48.9 kg (range: 32.7-79.5 kg) and 150.9 cm (range: 141.8-167.3 cm) for females. The weights and dimensions of internal organs data were collected in Jakarta from about 155 sudden death victims. The weight of most male organs was generally about 1% to 19% larger than those of females. However, the female thyroid was 5.6% larger dm the males. The age specific food consumption were obtained in three regions of Indonesia. The content of elements in the selected foodstuffs are also included in this report. The results show that rice is consumed three times a day by most subjects. Milk and eggs are widely consumed and the intake tends to be higher in the younger age groups. Among the meat group, beef is the most popular and consumed with the highest frequency, followed by chicken both in popularity and quantity consumed. Vegetables, particularly the colored vegetables, are used daily in high amounts. (author)