[en] This paper compares two nuclear safeguards inspectorates. One is the international inspectorate of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The other is the national inspectorate of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). First, the relationship of international safeguards, national safeguards, material control and accounting, and physical security are identified. Then, this paper focuses on the policies and practices of the organizations and staffs who implement international and national safeguards. This includes a comparison of the qualifications and responsibilities for these two inspectorates. Also addressed are working conditions and career opportunities for each. In the case study, comparison of these two inspectorates reveals their similarities and differences. This paper concludes with future prospects for professionals in the respective safeguards inspectorates