[en] Different regimes of electron-beam treatment (EBT) without the melting of steels 08Kh2G2F and 0.10C-Cr-Mn-V are investigated to clarify possibilities of superfine grain surface structure production. Irradiation of samples was conducted in the air by a continuous concentrated beam of 1.2 MeV electrons using the EhLV-6 commercial accelerator. As a result of EBT in the surface layer of the steels investigated regions with coarse- and fine-crystal martensite are formed. Austernitic grain size in the second region for all irradiation modes is 4-5 μm. Surface heating temperature decrease from 1400 to 900 deg C leads to the region size reduction up to the total disappearance of the region with the large-grain structure. In case of cyclic EBT superfine austenite grains of 1.3 (5 cycles) and 1.1 μm (10 cycles) were produced