[en] In view of the situation where Japan has been increasingly expected to make a greater contribution to the international community through the supply of not only manufactured product but also of new technologies developed by herself, Ministries of International Trade and Industry; Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery; Health and Welfare; and Education have been coordinating varieties of biotechnology-related projects in co-operation with industries and academia. Through the Japanese biotechnology projects, many Japanese companies have achieved functioning systems in biotechnology, These systems combine many relevant component technologies and human connections in order to efficiently convert a scientific findings into a business. For this reason, it is to say that large part of the biotechnonogical activities of Japan derive from company institutions. Since this has been sometimes criticized for crippling biotechnological advances in the country, both Government and industries start to support to enhance biotechnological research activities in universities