[en] Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of intratumoral injection of recombinant adenovirus p53 agent (rAd-p53) combined with ¹²⁵I seed interstitial brachytherapy in the hepatocellular carcinoma residues. Methods: Forty nine hepatocellular carcinoma patients after trans arterial chemo embolization (TACE) and physical ablation therapy were studied. Twenty cases (33 lesions) in combined group were treated by intratumoral injection with rAd-p53 combined with ¹²⁵I seed interstitial brachytherapy. Twenty nine patients (47 lesions) injected with ¹²⁵I seed interstitial brachytherapy were treated as control group. The adverse reactions were observed in 3 day, 1 week and 2 weeks after the therapy. The short period therapeutic effect were observed in 1 month. Results: Three days after the operation, the main adverse reaction included rigor, fever, anergy, myalgia, and arthralgia. The incidence of adverse events was significantly higher in combination group than in control group. There was no significant difference in other adverse reaction including nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. After one week, 1 case of combined group caught fever with other adverse reactions mitigated. After 2 weeks, all adverse reactions disappeared. All patients showed no severe complications, such as bleeding, biliary fistula, cholecystitis and intestinal fistula. No white blood cell reduction and no hepatic and renal dysfunction. Physical condition (Kamofsky scores) was no significant decrease. Short term effects indicated that effective ratio (CR + PR) of the combination group and control group were 90.9% and 76.6% respectively, but there was no significant difference. Conclusion: Intratumoral injection of rAd-p53 combined with ¹²⁵I seed interstitial brachytherapy is a safety treatment for hepatocellualr carcinoma. (authors)