[en] Full text of publication follows. Purpose: a 3D-Personalized Monte Carlo Dosimetry (PMCD) was developed for treatment planning in nuclear medicine. The method was applied to Selective Internal Radiation Therapy (SIRT) using ⁹⁰Y-microspheres for unresectable hepatic cancers. Methods: The PMCD method was evaluated for 20 patients treated for hepatic metastases or hepatocellular carcinoma at the European Hospital Georges Pompidou (Paris). First, regions of interest were outlined on the patient CT images. Using the OEDIPE software, patient-specific voxel phantoms were created. ^99mTc-MAA SPECT data were then used to generate 3D-matrices of cumulated activity. Absorbed doses and Biologically Effective Dose (BED) were calculated at the voxel scale using the MCNPX Monte Carlo transport code. Finally, OEDIPE was used to determine the maximum injectable activity (MIA) for tolerance criteria on organs at risk (OARs), i.e. the lungs and non tumoral liver (NTL). Tolerance criteria based on mean absorbed doses, mean BED, Dose-Volume Histograms (DVHs) or BED-Volume Histograms (BVHs) were considered. Those MIAs were compared to the Partition Model with tolerance criteria on mean absorbed doses, which is a conventional method applied in clinical practice. Results: compared to Partition Model recommendations, performing dosimetry using the PMCD method enables to increase the activity prescription while ensuring OARs' radiation protection. Moreover, tolerance criteria based on DVHs allow us to enhance treatment planning efficiency by taking advantage of the parallel characteristic of the liver and the lungs, whose functions are not impaired if the level of irradiation to a fraction of the organ is kept sufficiently low. Finally, multi-cycle treatments based on tolerance criteria on mean BED and BVHs, were considered to go further in the dose optimization, taking into account biological considerations such as cell repair or radiosensitivity. Conclusion: besides its feasibility and applicability in clinical routine, the interest of a personalized Monte Carlo dosimetry for treatment planning in SIRT was confirmed from those patient studies. Finally, the PMCD is a general purpose method that could be used to perform treatment planning and dosimetry for different therapies and isotopes in nuclear medicine. (authors)