Konstantin I
Gaius Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus[1] (lair 27 Fèbruari 272 – pati 22 Mèi 337 ing umur 65 taun), kang lazim dikenal minangka Konstantin I, Konstantin Agung, utawa (antarané wong Kristen Ortodoks Timur lan Katulik Timur)[2]Santo Konstantin, iku sawijining Kaisar Romawi, kang dinyatakaké minangka Augustus déning wadyabala-pasukané ing tanggal 25 Juli 306 lan kang maréntah atas pérangan Kakaisaran Romawi kang terus-menerus tuwuh nganti sédané.
Cathetan
[besut | besut sumber]- ↑ Sajeroning (basa Latin gelar resmi kakaisaran Konstantine yakuwi IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS CONSTANTINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS, Imperator Caesar Flavius Constantine Augustus, kang saleh, kang untung, kang ora tau kalah. Sawisé 312, ditambah MAXIMVS ("kang paling agung"), lan sawisé 325 nggenti invictus ("kang ora tau kalah") dadi VICTOR, amarga invictus ngèlingaké marang Sol Invictus, Déwa Srengéngé.
- ↑ Gréja Katulik Timur ritus Bizantium nganggep Konstantin sawijining santo, nanging ora kalebu sajeroning Martirologi Roma saka Gréja Latin.
Uga delengen
[besut | besut sumber]- Ammianus Marcellinus
- Gapura Konstantin, gapura kemenangan menuju kemenangan di Kreteg Milvian.
- Pergeseran Konstantin
- Sumbangan Konstantin
- Donatis
Pranala njaba
[besut | besut sumber] |
Wikimedia Commons duwé médhia ngenani Constantine I (emperor). |
- The Edict of Milan AD 313
- Letters of Constantine: Book 1 Archived 2013-04-21 at the Wayback Machine., Book 2 Archived 2013-04-21 at the Wayback Machine., & Book 3 Archived 2013-04-21 at the Wayback Machine.
- RomanEmperors.org Vita of Constantine; dengan bibliografi
- Ammianus Marcellinus on-line project
- 12 Byzantine Rulers Archived 2016-07-18 at the Wayback Machine. olèh Lars Brownworth dari Stony Brook School (kelas 7-12). kuliah audio 40 menit tentang Konstantin.
- Constantine I dalam Encyclopædia Britannica 1911
- Constantine the Great Situs tentang Konstantin Agung dan mata uang perunggunya yang menekankan sajarah dari mata uang, dengan banyak sumber kalebu pérangan belakangnya sarta pertalan tulisannya.
- Situs BBC North Yorkshire tentang Roman York, Yorkshire dan Constantine the Great
Rujukan lan wacan
[besut | besut sumber]- Ancient History
- Chuvin, Pierre, B. A. Archer, translator, A Chronicle of the Last Pagans, Harvard, 1990. ISBN 0-674-12970-9
- Dodds, Eric Robertson, The Greeks and the Irrational, University of California, 1964.
- Dodds, Eric Robertson, Pagan and Christian in an Age of Anxiety: Some Aspects of the Religious Experience from Marcus Aurelius to Constantine, Cambridge, 1965.
- Jones, A.H.M. Constantine and the Conversion of Europe. London: English University Press, 1948; London: Macmillan, 1949.
- MacMullen, Ramsay, Constantine, Dial Press, 1969.
- MacMullen, Ramsay, Christianizing the Roman Empire A.D. 100-400, Yale, 1984.
- MacMullen, Ramsay, Changes in the Roman Empire: Essays in the Ordinary, Princeton, 1990.
- MacMullen, Ramsay, Enemies of the Roman Order: Treason, Unrest, and Alienation, Harvard, 1966.
- Odahl, Charles Matson, Constantine and the Christian Empire, Routledge, 2004.
- Wilken, Robert L., Christians As the Romans Saw Them, Yale, 1984
- Eusebius of Caesarea, The Life of the blessed Emperor Constantine 4 jilid, dari 306 hingga 337.
- Encyclopaedia Britannica 1911: Constantine
- Lactantius, (240-320) Of the Manner the in Which the Persecutors Died,
- "Constantine the Great", olèh Charles G. Herbermann and Georg Grupp. The Catholic Encyclopedia (1908)
- "Donatists", olèh John Chapman. The Catholic Encyclopedia (1909)
- Sources on the Antonine Plague
- Galen, On the Natural Faculties
- Marcus Cornelius Fronto, Letters of Marcus Cornelius Fronto
- Vlassis R. Rassias, Es Edafos Ferein, edisi ke-2, Athens, 2000, ISBN 960-7748-20-4
| Kang sadurungé Konstantius Khlorus |
Kaisar Romawi 306–337 karo Galerius, Licinius dan Maximinus Daia |
Kang sawisé Konstantius II,Konstantin IIdan Konstans |