This paper describes the discovery of a previously unknown coastal upwelling centre on the western coast of Tasmania, Australia. This region forms part of the Great South Australian Coastal Upwelling System, which turns out one of the largest seasonal coastal upwelling systems on Earth. Upwelling events fuel phytoplankton blooms in last austral summer months and associated coastal jets are presumably an important nutrient source for the adjacent Bass Strait.

The results of this study reveal that the thermohaline properties in the study area in 2011 lie between the thermohaline characteristics of the EMT and those of the pre-EMT phase, indicating a possible slow return towards the latter. It highlights the relationship between the hydrological property distribution of the upper layer in the Levantine basin and the alternate circulation regimes in the Ionian, which modulates the salinity distribution in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.

This paper presents various respective data improvements achieved within the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) project on sea level during its first phase (2010-2013), using multi-mission satellite altimetry data over the 1993-2010 time span.

To protect from light stress, phytoplankton inhibit photosynthesis and suppress fluorescence through the process of quenching. This makes them invisible to fluorometers. Conventionally, quenching is corrected by taking maximum fluorescence yield in a surface mixed layer (MLD) and filling in the invisible proportion. This is only valid in waters where turbulence is high and phytoplankton are uniformly mixed. Here, we show that correcting from Zeu is a robust alternative to correcting from MLD

The hydrographical and ecological changes in the deep part of the Bornholm Basin in response to pumping well-oxygenated so-called winter water down to the greatest depth are investigated. By pumping 1000 m3s-1, the rates of water exchange and oxygen supply increase by 2.5 and 3 times, respectively. Anoxic bottoms should no longer occur and hypoxic events will become rare. This should mean much improved conditions for successful cod reproduction, extensive colonization of fauna on earlier periodi

A comparative study of simultaneous heat and gas exchange measurements was performed in the large annular Heidelberg Air-Sea Interaction Facility, the Aeolotron, under homogeneous water surface conditions, including the measurement of the Schmidt number exponent. Provided the Schmidt number exponent is known and that the heated patch is large enough to reach the thermal equilibrium, it is possible to scale heat transfer velocities measured by active thermography to gas transfer velocities.

Our article presents successful gas exchange measurements obtained in a large-scale wind-wave tank. The adopted box model methodology, experimental produce and instrumentation are described in detail. For the first time, parallel measurements of total transfer velocities for 14 individual gases within a wide range of solubility have been achieved. Various wind speed conditions and the effect of surfactant layers have been investigated providing exciting results.

We have developed a method to assess pigment concentrations from continuous optical measurements by applying an empirical orthogonal function analysis to remote-sensing reflectance data derived from hyperspectral ship-based and multispectral satellite measurements in the Atlantic Ocean. The method allows for the derivation of time series from continuous reflectance data of various pigment groups at various regions, which can be used to study phytoplankton composition and photophysiology.

This study examines the observed storm-generated sea-level variations at several Indian coastal locations in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal and identifies them as storm surges and harbour oscillations. The residual sea levels measured from sea-level stations in AS have been identified as Kelvin-type surges propagating northwards with almost constant amplitude. Multilinear regression analysis using local surface meteorological data is able to account for ~63% of daily mean sea level.

A wind-driven, spatially coherent mode of nonseasonal depth-independent variability in the Canadian inland seas is identified based on observational measurements and a numerical model over 2003--2013. This dominant mode of nonseasonal variability is partly related to the North Atlantic Oscillation. The mode is associated with net flows into and out of the Canadian inland seas as well as internal mass redistribution within the Canadian inland seas.