Quais produtos químicos para campos petrolíferos fornecem a melhor proteção contra corrosão para dutos?

Corrosion in the oil and gas industry exists everywhere, right from the subsurface equipment to surface facilities. This could be natural because of electrochemical reactions between pipeline and the surrounding fluid. It could be localised, galvanic, crevice, erosion corrosion, SCC, microbiologically induced mostly due to the presence of H2S and CO2 in crude and the associated and free water. The corrosion tendency increases as the concentration of CO2, system pressure and temperature increases.

Inhibitors: Corrosion inhibitors are chemical compounds that are added to the fluid being transported to reduce or prevent corrosion on the internal surface of the pipeline. These inhibitors work by forming a protective film on the metal surface or by altering the electrochemical properties of the fluid. Examples include: Oxygen scavengers: Remove oxygen from the fluid, which helps prevent oxygen-induced corrosion (e.g., sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite). Film-forming inhibitors: Create a protective film on the metal surface to inhibit corrosion (e.g., filming amines, organic inhibitors). Scale inhibitors: Prevent the formation of scale deposits, which can accelerate corrosion (e.g., phosphonates, polyphosphates).

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Injection into Fluid Stream: Corrosion inhibitors and biocides can be injected directly into the fluid stream flowing through the pipeline using chemical injection pumps or dosing systems. These chemicals are typically diluted with the fluid to achieve the desired concentration and are continuously injected to maintain effective corrosion protection. Batch Treatment: In some cases, corrosion inhibitors or biocides may be batch-treated with the fluid before it is introduced into the pipeline. This method involves mixing a predetermined quantity of the chemical with a batch of fluid, such as water or crude oil, before it is transferred into the pipeline.

Monitoring and Maintenance: Regular monitoring and maintenance of corrosion protection systems are essential to ensure their ongoing effectiveness. This may involve periodic inspection of coating integrity, chemical concentration monitoring, and performance testing of cathodic protection systems.

As more stringent regulations are evolving to address environmental concerns surrounding integrity management of oil and gas transportation pipelines, application of biodegradable corrosion inhibitors is gaining unprecedented momentum. Biopolymers, which are naturally occurring polymers produced by the cells of animals and plants, are noteworthy in this regard. Unlike synthetic polymers, biopolymers are biodegradable and non-bioaccumulative, with chitosan and cellulose, along their derivatives, being the most frequently used ones. When modified with various organic compounds, they exhibit even a greater corrosion inhibition efficiency, making them ideal environmentally benign choices to mitigate pipeline corrosion.