Since early 1990s, the development of footprint models has been rapid with presently four
different approaches being available: (i) analytical models, (ii) Lagrangian stochastic particle …

A modification of the most popular two-equation (E–φ) models, taking into account the plant
drag, is proposed. Here E is the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and φ is any of the following …

A self-consistent two-equation closure treating buoyancy and plant drag effects has been
developed, through consideration of the behaviour of the supplementary equation for the length…

Long‐term measurements of sensible and latent heat and carbon dioxide fluxes were
performed over a boreal lake in southern Finland using the direct micrometeorological eddy …

The note presents a rational approach to modelling the source/sink due to vegetation or
buoyancy effects that appear in the turbulent kinetic energy, E, equation and a supplementary …

A three-dimensional model Mixfor-3D of soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer (SVAT) was
developed and applied to estimate possible effects of tree clear-cutting on radiation and soil …

Ideally a flux tower should be installed on a homogeneous and flat terrain. The surface
should be physically homogeneous (same forest height and thermal properties) as well as be …

Using the 1-D atmospheric chemistry transport model SOSAA, we have investigated the
atmospheric reactivity of a boreal forest ecosystem during the HUMPPA-COPEC-10 campaign (…

In this study, we used a hot-air balloon as a platform for boundary layer particle mid cluster
measurements. We did altogether 11 flights during the springs of 2005 and 2006. During the …

Chemistry in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is controlled by complex processes of
surface fluxes, flow, turbulent transport, and chemical reactions. We present a new model …