The global ocean has warmed substantially over the past century, with far-reaching
implications for marine ecosystems 1 . Concurrent with long-term persistent warming, discrete …

Kelp forests along temperate and polar coastlines represent some of most diverse and
productive habitats on the Earth. Here, we synthesize information from >60 years of research on …

Species distributions have shifted in response to global warming in all major ecosystems on
the Earth. Despite cogent evidence for these changes, the underlying mechanisms are …

Kelp forests represent some of the most diverse and productive habitats on Earth, and provide
a range of ecosystem goods and services on which human populations depend. As the …

Ecosystem reconfigurations arising from climate-driven changes in species distributions are
expected to have profound ecological, social, and economic implications. Here we reveal a …

The term Blue Carbon (BC) was first coined a decade ago to describe the disproportionately
large contribution of coastal vegetated ecosystems to global carbon sequestration. The role …

Climatic extremes are becoming increasingly common against a background trend of global
warming. In the oceans, marine heatwaves (MHWs)—discrete periods of anomalously warm …

Heatwaves are important climatic extremes in atmospheric and oceanic systems that can
have devastating and long-term impacts on ecosystems, with subsequent socioeconomic …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have been observed around the world and are expected to
increase in intensity and frequency under anthropogenic climate change. A variety of impacts …

Extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, are predicted to increase in frequency and
magnitude as a consequence of global warming but their ecological effects are poorly …