A Hidden Paradise Underground – The Pit Courtyard

The Shan State Pit Courtyard, located in Beiyin Village, Zhangbian Township, Shanzhou District, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, is an ancient and magical residential style that harbors a rich culture. It is the only underground ancient residential architecture in the country and even in the world, known as 'the ancient village beneath the horizon, a living fossil in the history of residential buildings,' and is one of the four unique ancient residential architectures in China. 'See trees but no village, enter the village but see no houses, enter the house but see no doors, hear sounds but see no people' is its true portrayal. In 2005, the Shan State Pit Courtyard was listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit by the Henan Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau. It is a national AAAA-level scenic spot. Walking into the Pit Courtyard and looking down from the horizon, the entire Pit Courtyard village is just some square pits and trees growing from the pits to the ground. This architectural form is not only a carrier of loess culture and Yellow River culture but also one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. Moreover, the Pit Courtyard is also a classic of intangible cultural heritage and an organic part of Chinese culture, crowned with accolades such as 'the underground courtyard,' 'a miracle in the history of residential architecture,' and 'the village beneath the horizon.'