5-Minute Guide: Driving in the US

The joy of a road trip across the US is in the journey itself. Take your time, stay safe, and enjoy the diverse landscapes and cultures this vast country has to offer. From the bustling streets of New York City to the wide-open spaces of the Great Plains, from the beaches of Florida to the mountains of Colorado, every mile offers a new adventure.

Ready to hit the open road and explore the diverse landscapes of the United States? Whether you're planning a cross-country adventure or just venturing out of your home state, this guide will help you navigate the ins and outs of driving in the US. From renting the right car to understanding regional driving cultures, we've got you covered. Buckle up and let's get started on your American road trip.

Renting a car for your trip

When embarking on a road trip across the US, renting a car may be the most convenient option, especially if you're flying into your starting point or don't want to put miles on your own vehicle. The US offers a wide range of rental options, from compact cars for solo travelers to spacious SUVs for family adventures.

Considerations for long-distance trips

For long-distance driving, comfort and fuel efficiency should be your top priorities. A mid-size sedan or small SUV often provides the best balance between space and fuel economy. Before you book, check if there are any restrictions on the number of miles included in your rental – some rental companies may have limitations or additional fees.

If your trip doesn't end where it began, look into one-way rental options. While these can be more expensive, they offer the flexibility to fly home from your final destination or continue your journey by other means. Mileage limits are significantly more common for one-way rentals, so be sure to keep an eye out.

Insurance and roadside assistance options

Navigating insurance options for a rental car can be tricky, but it's an important step in your trip planning. Start by reviewing your personal auto insurance policy to see if it covers rental cars. Many credit cards also offer rental car coverage if you use the card to pay for the rental.

If you don’t have coverage already, purchasing insurance from the rental company for peace of mind is usually a good idea. Options typically include:

• Collision Damage Waiver (CDW) or Loss Damage Waiver (LDW)
• Liability coverage
• Personal accident insurance
• Personal effects coverage

Opting for roadside assistance can be a lifesaver if you encounter unexpected issues. This service can help with:

• Flat tires
• Dead batteries
• Lockouts
• Emergency fuel delivery

Remember, the cost of these services is often minimal compared to the potential expense and stress of dealing with problems on your own in an unfamiliar area.

Navigating different driving cultures

One of the most fascinating aspects of driving in the US is experiencing the variety of driving cultures you'll encounter. From the fast-paced highways of the Northeast to the laid-back country roads of the South, each region has its own written and unwritten rules and customs.

Urban vs. rural driving

In major cities like New York, Chicago, or Los Angeles, be prepared for heavy traffic, complex intersections, and limited parking. City driving requires constant alertness and quick decision-making. Here are some tips for urban driving:

• Stay in your lane and avoid unnecessary lane changes
• Be aware of bike lanes and watch for cyclists
• Use turn signals well in advance of turns or lane changes
• Be prepared for sudden stops in heavy traffic

Rural driving, on the other hand, presents its own set of challenges. While traffic is usually lighter, you'll need to watch for:

• Wildlife crossing the road, especially at dawn and dusk
• Farm equipment moving slowly on country roads
• Limited visibility around curves or hills
• Fewer gas stations and services, so plan your stops accordingly

Regional differences

Driving styles and road conditions can vary significantly across different regions of the US:

Northeast

In states like New York, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, you can expect more aggressive driving in major cities. Roads in this region are often older, with tighter turns and more frequent exits. Be prepared for toll roads, especially around major cities.

Southeast

States like Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas generally have a more relaxed driving culture. However, be prepared for heavy rain showers, especially in the afternoons during summer months. Hurricane season (June to November) can also affect travel plans in coastal areas.

Midwest

The Midwest is known for its wide-open spaces and long stretches of straight highways. In states like Illinois, Ohio, and Michigan, you'll encounter a mix of urban and rural driving. Winter driving can be challenging in this region, so be prepared if you're traveling during colder months.

Southwest

In states like Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, you'll find long, straight highways with high speed limits. Be cautious of dust storms, which can severely reduce visibility. Carry extra water, especially when traveling through desert areas.

West Coast

California, Oregon, and Washington offer diverse driving experiences, from coastal highways to mountain passes. In California, be prepared for heavy traffic in and around Los Angeles and San Francisco. The Pacific Coast Highway offers stunning views but requires careful driving due to its winding nature.

Interstate highway system basics

The US's extensive interstate system makes long-distance travel efficient and relatively straightforward. Understanding how this system works can make your journey much smoother.

Understanding mile markers and exit numbers

Interstate highways use a consistent numbering system:

• Even-numbered routes run east-west
• Odd-numbered routes run north-south
• Three-digit numbers indicate bypass or loop roads around cities

Mile markers increase from south to north on odd-numbered highways and from west to east on even-numbered highways. This system helps you track your progress and estimate distances between exits.

In most states, exit numbers correspond to the nearest mile marker. This means exit numbers increase as you travel along the highway. Some states, particularly in the Northeast, may still use sequential exit numbering, but many are transitioning to the mile-based system.

Rest areas and service plazas

Interstate highways feature regular rest areas, which are excellent spots for breaks, especially on long stretches. These facilities typically offer:

• Restrooms
• Picnic areas
• Vending machines
• Tourist information

Some states, particularly in the Northeast, have full-service plazas with:

• Food courts
• Gas stations
• Convenience stores
• Sometimes even hotels

Take advantage of these facilities to rest, refuel, and refresh yourself during your journey. They're especially valuable when driving through less populated areas where services might be scarce.

State-specific rules to know

While federal laws provide a baseline for driving regulations, individual states have the authority to enact their own traffic laws. This can lead to some confusion for drivers crossing state lines. Here are some key areas where laws often vary.

Speed limits variations

Speed limits can change dramatically as you cross state lines or enter different types of roads. They typically range from:

• 55-65 miles per hour on urban interstates
• 65-80 miles per hour interstates
• 25-35 miles per hour in residential areas

Always check posted signs, as limits can change frequently, especially when entering towns or construction zones. Some states also have different speed limits for trucks or when towing.

Right turn on red laws

In most states, right turns at red lights are permitted after coming to a full stop and yielding to pedestrians and cross traffic. However, there are exceptions:

• New York City prohibits right turns on red unless a sign explicitly permits it
• Some intersections in other cities and states may prohibit right turns on red for safety reasons

Always look for signs indicating "No Turn on Red" before making a right turn at a red light.

Hands-free device laws

Cell phone use while driving is a major safety concern, and laws regarding this vary by state:

• Many states require hands-free devices for any phone use while driving
• Some states ban all handheld phone use, including for GPS navigation
• A few states still allow handheld phone use, but it's always safer to use hands-free options

To be safe, use a hands-free device or pull over to use your phone, regardless of local laws.

Drinking and driving laws

Drinking and driving is illegal in all 50 states, but there are some variations in how these laws are implemented and enforced. Here's what you need to know:

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) limits

• In most states, the legal BAC limit is 0.08% for drivers 21 and older.
• Some states have lower limits (0.04% or 0.05%) for commercial drivers.
• All states have "zero tolerance" laws for drivers under 21, with BAC limits of 0.00% to 0.02%.

Open container laws

Most states prohibit open containers of alcohol in vehicles, whether the vehicle is in motion or parked. A few states allow passengers to have open containers, but it's best to avoid this entirely.

Implied consent laws

By driving on public roads, you implicitly consent to chemical testing if suspected of DUI. Refusing a breathalyzer or blood test can result in automatic license suspension, fines, and other penalties.

Checkpoints

Some states conduct sobriety checkpoints, where law enforcement can briefly stop vehicles to check for impaired drivers.

Penalties

DUI penalties vary by state but can include:

• Fines
• License suspension or revocation
• Mandatory alcohol education or treatment programs
• Installation of an ignition interlock device
• Jail time, especially for repeat offenses

It's crucial to remember that even if you're below the legal limit, you can still be arrested if an officer determines your driving is impaired. The safest option is always to avoid drinking if you plan to drive. Instead, use rideshare services, designate a sober driver, or use public transportation if you plan to consume alcohol.

Mountain and desert driving tips

The US's diverse geography presents unique driving challenges, especially if you're not accustomed to mountain or desert environments.

Handling high altitudes and steep grades

When driving in mountainous regions like the Rockies or the Appalachians, be prepared for rapid elevation changes and steep roads. Here are some tips:

• Use lower gears when descending steep hills to save your brakes.
• Be aware of signs warning of steep grades and adjust your speed accordingly.
• Watch for runaway truck ramps on steep descents – these are emergency exits for vehicles with brake failures.
• Be aware of altitude sickness symptoms when driving in high elevations, such as headaches or dizziness.

Preparing for remote stretches of road

Desert regions in states like Nevada, Utah, and Arizona often have long stretches of road with limited services. To stay safe:

• Keep your gas tank at least half full.
• Carry extra water and snacks in case of unexpected delays.
• Check your spare tire and make sure you know how to change it.
• Bring a physical map as backup– cell service can be spotty in remote areas.
• If your car breaks down, stay with it – it's easier for rescue services to spot a vehicle than a person on foot.

Weather considerations

The US experiences a wide range of weather conditions, which can significantly impact driving. Being prepared for various weather scenarios is crucial for a safe and enjoyable trip.

Driving in snow

If you're from a warmer climate and find yourself driving in snowy conditions:

• Reduce your speed and increase your following distance.
• Avoid sudden movements – brake, accelerate, and steer smoothly.
• Consider renting a car with all-wheel drive in snowy regions.
• Keep an emergency kit in your car, including a blanket, flashlight, and snacks.

Handling extreme heat (for cold-climate visitors)

When driving in hot climates, especially in desert areas:

• Check coolant levels and tire pressure regularly.
• Never leave people or pets in a parked car, even for a short time.
• Carry plenty of water and stay hydrated.
• Be aware that extreme heat can cause tire blowouts – check your tires frequently.

Remember, weather can change quickly, especially in mountainous regions. Always check the forecast before setting out and be prepared to adjust your plans if necessary.

Parking in different environments

Parking norms and regulations can differ significantly across the country, from bustling city centers to quiet rural towns.

Big city parking challenges and solutions

Parking in major cities can be both expensive and challenging. Here are some strategies to make it easier:

• Use parking apps: apps like SpotHero or ParkWhiz allow you to find and reserve parking spots in advance, often at a discount.
• Be aware of street cleaning schedules: many cities have specific days and times for street cleaning. Cars parked during these times may be ticketed or towed.
• Understand parking meters: in many cities, you can pay for metered parking using a smartphone app. This allows you to add time remotely if needed.
• Look for park and ride options: when visiting a city, consider parking at a suburban transit station and taking public transportation into the city center.

Small town and rural parking etiquette

While parking is often easier in small towns and rural areas, there are still some etiquette rules to follow:

• Observe posted time limits in downtown areas, even if they're not strictly enforced.
• In small towns, it's often courteous to avoid parking directly in front of businesses if you're not a customer.
• Be mindful of diagonal parking – make sure you're parked in the correct direction.
• In very rural areas, be cautious about pulling off the road to park – ensure you're not on private property.

Fuel options across the country

Understanding your fuel options can help you plan better and potentially save money on your road trip.

Understanding gas grades and pricing

Most gas stations in the US offer three grades of gasoline:

1. Regular (usually 87 octane)
2. Mid-grade (usually 89 octane)
3. Premium (usually 91 or 93 octane)

Unless your rental car specifically requires premium fuel, regular gas is usually sufficient. Prices can vary significantly between states and even within cities. As a general rule:

• Gas tends to be cheaper in southern states
• Prices are often higher in California and the Northeast
• Gas stations near highways or in touristy areas often have higher prices

Apps like GasBuddy can help you find the cheapest gas prices along your route.

Electric vehicle charging networks

If you're renting an electric vehicle (EV), planning your route around available charging stations is crucial. Major charging networks in the US include:

• Tesla Superchargers (for Tesla vehicles)
• ChargePoint
• EVgo
• Electrify America

Use apps like PlugShare or your car's built-in navigation system to find charging stations along your route. Remember that charging an EV takes longer than filling up a gas tank, so factor this into your travel time.

Road trip planning essentials

A little planning goes a long way in ensuring a smooth and enjoyable trip across the US.

Apps and tools for route planning

Utilize technology to make your trip easier:

• Google Maps or Apple Maps for general navigation and real-time traffic updates
• Waze for crowd-sourced traffic and road condition information
• RoadTrippers for finding interesting stops along your route
• Yelp or TripAdvisor for finding highly-rated restaurants and attractions

Budgeting for tolls and parking

Tolls and parking can add up quickly, especially in the Northeast and around major cities. Here are some tips:

• Research toll roads along your route and estimate costs
• Consider getting an E-ZPass if you'll be driving extensively in the Northeast
• Look into daily or weekly parking passes in cities where you'll stay for several days
• Factor in valet parking costs at hotels – this can be expensive in big cities

Bottom line

Remember, the joy of a road trip across the US is in the journey itself. Take your time, stay safe, and enjoy the diverse landscapes and cultures this vast country has to offer. From the bustling streets of New York City to the wide-open spaces of the Great Plains, from the beaches of Florida to the mountains of Colorado, every mile offers a new adventure.