External debt as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the ratio between the debt a country owes to non-resident creditors and its nominal GDP. External debt is the part of a country’s total debt that was borrowed from foreign lenders, including commercial banks, governments or international financial institutions. Debtors can be individuals, corporations or the government. The external debt comprises the outstanding amount of those actual current and not contingent liabilities owed to non-residents by residents of the country, which require the debtor to pay principal and/or interest at some point(s) in the future. External debt is also referred to as foreign debt.
This chart displays External Debt (% of GDP) for South Asia, Latin America, Middle East & North Africa from 2010 to 2023.
External Debt (% of GDP) Data
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 14.0 | 15.1 | 29.3 | 23.6 | 17.8 |
| Albania | 60.0 | 69.3 | 57.3 | 55.1 | 47.0 |
| Algeria | 2.8 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 3.1 |
| Angola | 75.2 | 119.0 | 92.5 | 53.3 | 63.5 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 40 | 48 | 50 | 45 | - |
| Argentina | 62.3 | 70.3 | 55.0 | 43.8 | 44.5 |
| Armenia | 90.9 | 102.2 | 99.8 | 78.2 | 64.2 |
| Australia | 110.5 | 110.1 | 102.9 | 91.3 | 89.2 |
| Austria | 141.30 | 151.42 | 147.44 | 130.87 | 136.15 |
| Azerbaijan | 33.0 | 37.1 | 26.8 | 19.4 | - |
| Bahamas, The | 19.8 | 40.6 | 38.3 | 37.0 | 35.2 |
| Bangladesh | 17.8 | 19.7 | 22.0 | 21.1 | 23.3 |
| Belarus | 63.1 | 68.5 | 60.2 | 58.1 | 46.2 |
| Belize | 58.1 | 75.3 | 60.4 | 52.0 | 49.6 |
| Benin | 25.0 | 28.2 | 32.7 | 34.3 | 36.4 |
| Bhutan | 115 | - | - | - | - |
| Bolivia | 35.0 | 42.1 | 39.6 | 36.1 | 36.2 |
| Bosnia-Herz. | 61.2 | 67.9 | 57.0 | 54.6 | 49.8 |
| Botswana | 9.4 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 10.5 |
| Brazil | 17.2 | 21.0 | 19.5 | 16.4 | 15.7 |
| Bulgaria | 61.5 | 62.6 | 57.7 | 50.7 | 47.6 |
| Burkina Faso | 23.4 | 25.4 | 28.9 | 25.8 | - |
| Burundi | 18.6 | - | - | - | - |
| Cabo Verde | 95.5 | 133.1 | 120.0 | 107.2 | 97.0 |
| Cambodia | 41.9 | 50.5 | 54.5 | 56.2 | 53.2 |
| Cameroon | 32.6 | 36.1 | 34.2 | 34.1 | 31.0 |
| CdI | 32.9 | 39.8 | 40.9 | 45.3 | 46.4 |
| Central African Republic | 37.2 | 35.1 | 45.3 | - | - |
| Chad | 21.6 | 23.8 | 22.6 | 20.5 | - |
| Chile | 71.4 | 82.0 | 74.7 | 76.1 | 71.8 |
| China | 14.5 | 16.3 | 15.4 | 13.7 | 13.7 |
| Colombia | 42.9 | 57.2 | 53.8 | 53.2 | 54.0 |
| Comoros | 23.7 | 26.1 | 28.7 | 31.3 | 30.3 |
| Congo | 12.8 | 15.5 | 16.6 | 14.8 | - |
| Costa Rica | 47.9 | 49.7 | 48.7 | 51.0 | 43.8 |
| Croatia | 74.1 | 87.3 | 78.0 | 74.9 | 79.7 |
| Cuba | 19.00 | 20.00 | - | - | - |
| Cyprus | 1,238.19 | 1,113.25 | 994.10 | 878.51 | 828.26 |
| Czech Republic | 75.4 | 80.2 | 72.3 | 68.3 | 61.3 |
| Denmark | 970 | 1,033 | 927 | 874 | 912 |
| Djibouti | 76.4 | - | - | - | - |
| Dominica | 5.5 | 7.6 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 4.7 |
| Dominican Republic | 39.5 | 51.4 | 46.4 | 42.3 | 42.9 |
| DR Congo | 12.6 | 14.6 | 16.6 | 14.8 | 16.7 |
| Ecuador | 42.8 | 54.7 | 52.4 | 49.5 | 50.6 |
| Egypt | 34.2 | 32.3 | 32.6 | 32.8 | 41.8 |
| El Salvador | 64.6 | 74.2 | 70.0 | 66.6 | 66.9 |
| Eritrea | 38.9 | 37.4 | 34.4 | 30.0 | - |
| Estonia | 76.4 | 85.1 | 83.2 | 82.7 | 86.1 |
| Ethiopia | 33.5 | 32.2 | 25.8 | 20.8 | - |
| Fiji | 17.4 | 30.1 | 31.2 | 31.0 | 30.1 |
| Finland | 226 | 224 | 210 | 216 | 216 |
| Gabon | 44.7 | 49.2 | 45.4 | 40.5 | 39.3 |
| Gambia, The | 47.0 | 53.2 | 54.3 | 54.0 | 56.3 |
| Georgia | 106.3 | 125.5 | 116.8 | 95.8 | - |
| Germany | 145 | 162 | 168 | 154 | 146 |
| Ghana | 48.9 | 59.4 | 56.2 | 62.8 | 60.6 |
| Greece | 243 | 316 | 289 | 268 | 251 |
| Grenada | 45.0 | 65.3 | 67.1 | 57.1 | 55.2 |
| Guatemala | 31.7 | 32.1 | 29.9 | 25.4 | 23.7 |
| Guinea | 27.1 | 30.7 | 26.9 | 24.8 | - |
| Guyana | 29.8 | 27.7 | 24.9 | 14.3 | - |
| Haiti | 15.0 | 15.9 | 12.7 | 12.9 | 13.4 |
| Honduras | 39.2 | 47.4 | 44.5 | 40.2 | 37.3 |
| Hong Kong | 459 | 518 | 509 | 495 | 484 |
| Hungary | 73.0 | 80.7 | 86.5 | 91.9 | 85.8 |
| Iceland | 78.0 | 85.4 | 86.9 | 79.6 | 75.5 |
| India | 19.7 | 21.4 | 19.5 | 18.6 | 18.7 |
| Indonesia | 36.0 | 39.3 | 34.9 | 30.1 | 29.8 |
| Iran | 2.0 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 2.7 |
| Iraq | 11.8 | 14.6 | 12.3 | 8.0 | 8.4 |
| Israel | 25.7 | 31.4 | 32.6 | 29.4 | 28.4 |
| Italy | 125 | 150 | 130 | 127 | 122 |
| Jamaica | 91.4 | 102.3 | 109.2 | 92.4 | 79.0 |
| Japan | 83.3 | 95.8 | 91.4 | 103.6 | 107.3 |
| Jordan | 75.2 | 86.9 | 90.1 | 84.5 | 87.5 |
| Kazakhstan | 88.3 | 94.8 | 84.3 | 71.4 | 62.0 |
| Kenya | 34.8 | 37.8 | 37.6 | 36.3 | 39.8 |
| Korea | 26.9 | 31.6 | 32.5 | 37.4 | 36.6 |
| Kosovo | 31.0 | 37.0 | 37.1 | 38.6 | 39.6 |
| Kuwait | 37.9 | 46.4 | 39.7 | 35.1 | 39.4 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 94.9 | 112.3 | 105.8 | 80.3 | 74.1 |
| Laos | 101.2 | 110.7 | 102.1 | 122.0 | 126.8 |
| Latvia | 121 | 126 | 114 | 109 | 103 |
| Lebanon | 143 | 217 | 289 | 320 | - |
| Lesotho | 66.6 | 83.6 | 76.0 | 76.8 | 78.9 |
| Liberia | 41.1 | 48.1 | 52.7 | 47.9 | 47.3 |
| Lithuania | 69.4 | 79.9 | 77.4 | 66.8 | 69.2 |
| Luxembourg | 58.9 | 52.1 | 50.0 | 46.4 | 44.5 |
| Madagascar | 28.7 | 37.1 | 36.9 | 39.4 | 40.9 |
| Malawi | 21.7 | 24.8 | 25.6 | 26.6 | - |
| Malaysia | 62.6 | 67.6 | 69.8 | 63.8 | 68.2 |
| Maldives | 47.3 | 99.8 | 79.5 | 65.7 | - |
| Mali | 28.9 | 33.3 | 33.0 | 33.2 | 31.3 |
| Malta | 1,052 | 1,115 | 962 | 898 | 859 |
| Marshall Islands | 20.4 | 18.3 | 15.7 | 14.7 | - |
| Mauritania | 68.2 | 69.5 | 52.4 | 48.2 | 43.5 |
| Mauritius | 85.9 | 108.7 | 128.1 | 136.9 | 133.3 |
| Mexico | 47.6 | 56.1 | 45.8 | 39.7 | 33.1 |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | 13.9 | 19.8 | 39.3 | 41.9 | - |
| Moldova | 59.8 | 69.7 | 63.6 | 66.3 | 61.0 |
| Mongolia | 234 | 245 | 227 | 195 | 169 |
| Montenegro | 152 | 217 | 161 | 140 | 114 |
| Morocco | 42.4 | 50.8 | 47.3 | 50.9 | 46.8 |
| Mozambique | 349 | 411 | 387 | 340 | 319 |
| Myanmar | 14.9 | 17.0 | 20.7 | 20.1 | 18.2 |
| Namibia | 64.5 | 76.4 | 67.9 | 71.6 | 76.4 |
| Nepal | 19.0 | 24.1 | 24.4 | 23.8 | - |
| Netherlands | 483 | 471 | 440 | 395 | 362 |
| New Zealand | 91.4 | 91.6 | 88.9 | 86.4 | 86.4 |
| Nicaragua | 107.2 | 108.5 | 103.1 | 95.2 | 85.0 |
| Niger | 27.8 | 32.9 | 33.4 | 35.3 | 33.6 |
| Nigeria | 17.1 | 20.2 | 21.8 | 21.6 | 28.2 |
| North Macedonia | 72.4 | 84.6 | 77.4 | 83.9 | 79.5 |
| Norway | 160 | 173 | 145 | 122 | 148 |
| Pakistan | 33.0 | 37.6 | 35.1 | 34.7 | 37.3 |
| Palau | 36.9 | 60.3 | 81.4 | 79.4 | - |
| Panama | 149 | 197 | 176 | 167 | 164 |
| Papua New Guinea | 75.8 | 75.9 | 75.7 | 62.0 | - |
| Paraguay | 46.6 | 58.7 | 56.3 | 59.8 | 61.5 |
| Peru | 34.7 | 43.4 | 45.1 | 41.6 | 39.3 |
| Philippines | 22.2 | 27.2 | 27.0 | 27.5 | 28.7 |
| Poland | 59.0 | 62.4 | 53.3 | 54.0 | 52.9 |
| Portugal | 192 | 204 | 190 | 166 | 149 |
| Qatar | 137.6 | 187.0 | 161.4 | 116.3 | 123.1 |
| Romania | 48.8 | 57.3 | 56.4 | 51.1 | 51.9 |
| Russia | 29.0 | 31.4 | 26.5 | 17.4 | 15.8 |
| Rwanda | 63.0 | 80.7 | 84.1 | 72.7 | 80.6 |
| Saint Lucia | 30.5 | 48.9 | 47.8 | 38.8 | - |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 37.0 | 45.5 | 57.9 | 58.5 | - |
| Samoa | 48.6 | 54.5 | 59.7 | 57.7 | 46.4 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 66.6 | 66.5 | 62.9 | 77.7 | 66.4 |
| Saudi Arabia | 9.7 | 12.7 | 11.6 | 9.0 | 10.1 |
| Senegal | 82.3 | 97.5 | 105.4 | 116.8 | 129.5 |
| Serbia | 58.9 | 67.4 | 62.8 | 67.0 | 61.7 |
| Sierra Leone | 29.6 | 32.8 | 35.4 | 34.0 | 37.3 |
| Singapore | 425 | 488 | 433 | 379 | 391 |
| Slovakia | 112.1 | 118.4 | 131.9 | 105.4 | 96.0 |
| Slovenia | 92.4 | 102.8 | 97.9 | 91.0 | 90.4 |
| Solomon Islands | 18.8 | 21.0 | 29.5 | 30.5 | - |
| Somalia | 36.0 | 30.8 | 25.4 | 23.1 | - |
| South Africa | 47.6 | 50.4 | 38.2 | 40.4 | 41.6 |
| Sri Lanka | 63.0 | 67.4 | 66.2 | 79.4 | 73.2 |
| Sudan | 117.9 | 56.3 | 156.9 | - | - |
| Suriname | 88.4 | 86.4 | 114.3 | 102.4 | 117.6 |
| Swaziland | 18.0 | 21.5 | 26.8 | 29.1 | - |
| Sweden | 177 | 177 | 169 | 175 | 169 |
| Switzerland | 272 | 288 | 293 | 272 | 239 |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 17.7 | 27.4 | 42.4 | 26.1 | - |
| Taiwan | 30.1 | 27.9 | 27.4 | 26.4 | 27.3 |
| Tajikistan | 79.9 | 84.9 | 73.7 | 62.7 | 57.0 |
| Tanzania | 41.4 | 40.7 | 42.3 | 41.3 | 44.4 |
| Thailand | 31.8 | 38.0 | 38.9 | 40.6 | 38.2 |
| Timor-Leste | 10.0 | 10.7 | 7.7 | 9.0 | 14.8 |
| Togo | 28.6 | 34.3 | 42.0 | 39.8 | 37.1 |
| Tonga | 37.8 | 40.9 | 47.1 | 42.8 | - |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 21.5 | 26.8 | 23.9 | 23.5 | 35.8 |
| Tunisia | 95.8 | 98.6 | 91.5 | 92.0 | 85.6 |
| Turkey | 54.5 | 59.6 | 53.5 | 50.5 | 44.8 |
| Turkmenistan | 14.5 | 12.5 | 8.9 | 6.9 | - |
| UAE | 81.1 | 110.3 | 97.8 | 81.9 | 85.9 |
| Uganda | 37.1 | 45.4 | 46.7 | 43.1 | 37.3 |
| Ukraine | 79.2 | 80.5 | 65.1 | 81.6 | 90.7 |
| United Kingdom | 290 | 336 | 318 | 289 | 276 |
| United States | 95.6 | 100.3 | 98.4 | 94.7 | 93.7 |
| Uruguay | 72.8 | 89.2 | 83.8 | 78.5 | 65.0 |
| Uzbekistan | 34.1 | 50.8 | 52.5 | 54.4 | 58.3 |
| Vanuatu | 45.2 | 48.3 | 49.1 | 47.4 | - |
| Venezuela | 124.3 | 178.9 | 172.4 | - | - |
| Vietnam | 36.9 | 37.4 | 37.8 | 35.9 | 33.1 |
| West Bank and Gaza | 10.6 | 13.2 | 10.9 | 10.4 | 10.6 |
| Yemen | 32.2 | 35.2 | 39.2 | 31.2 | - |
| Zambia | 127.1 | 163.8 | 121.7 | 97.4 | 107.3 |
| Zimbabwe | 47.1 | 47.4 | 38.4 | 42.5 | - |