Get or Set Levels of a Factor in R Programming - levels() Function

Generate Factors with specified Levels in R Programming – gl() Function

Last Updated : 16 Jun, 2020

gl() function in R Language is used to generate factors by specifying the pattern of their levels.

Syntax:
gl(x, k, length, labels, ordered)

Parameters:
x: Number of levels
k: Number of replications
length: Length of result
labels: Labels for the vector(optional)
ordered: Boolean value to order the levels

Example 1:

# R Program to generate factors 
  
# Creating a factor 
# using gl() function 
x1 <- gl(2, 5) 
  
# gl() function with 
# length specified 
x2 <- gl(3, 4, 12) 
  
# Printing the factors 
print(x1) 
print(x2) 

Output:

 [1] 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
Levels: 1 2
 [1] 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
Levels: 1 2 3

Example 2:

# R Program to generate factors 
  
# gl() function with 
# length and labels specified 
x1 <- gl(3, 4, 12, label = letters[1:12]) 
  
# gl() function with 
# length, label and order specified 
x2 <- gl(3, 4, 12, label = letters[1:12], ordered = T) 
  
# Printing the factors 
print(x1) 
print(x2) 

Output:

 [1] a a a a b b b b c c c c
Levels: a b c d e f g h i j k l
 [1] a a a a b b b b c c c c
Levels: a < b < c < d < e < f < g < h < i < j < k < l

Get or Set Levels of a Factor in R Programming - levels() Function

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