Nobel Prize 2023 Winners List: Physics, Economics, Chemistry, and More

Nobel Prize Winners 2023 List: Like every year, the names of Nobel Prize 2023 winners have been announced by the two committees in the month of October. The prize money for these awards comes from the will of Alfred Nobel. Continue reading for the detailed list of all the Nobel Prize winners in 2023 and their contributions.

Nobel Prize 2023 Winners List UPSC

Nobel Prize Winners 2023: A compilation of exceptional individuals who have been recognized for their outstanding contributions to fields such as Physics Chemistry, Medicine or Physiology, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. The Swedish Academy in Stockholm and the Norwegian Nobel Committee have named the Nobel Laureates 2023 winners in various categories.

Stay updated with these brilliant minds and their transformative impacts on society in this comprehensive Nobel Prize 2023 winners list, Nobel Prize Quiz 2023, GK Questions and Answers based on Nobel Prize 2023.

List of Nobel Prize 2023 Winners List

Below is the complete list of Nobel Prize 2023 Winners in different categories:

Nobel Prize 2023 Winner in Physics

The 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L’Huillier for their pioneering experiments that have enabled the generation of attosecond pulses of light, significantly advancing the study of electron dynamics in matter.

• Ferenc Krausz (from Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Germany),
• Anne L’Huillier (from Lund University, Sweden), and
• Pierre Agostini (from Ohio State University, USA).

Nobel Prize 2023 Winner in Physiology or Medicine

The 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their groundbreaking work in the field of mRNA vaccine technology. This prestigious recognition was given specifically "for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.

• Katalin Karikó was born on January 17, 1955, in Szolnok, Hungary. She received her Ph.D. in biochemistry in 1982 from the University of Szeged. Between 2013 and 2022, Karikó was associated with BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals, initially as a vice president and later promoted to senior vice president in 2019. BioNTech played a significant role in commercializing mRNA vaccines globally​.
• Drew Weissman, born on September 7, 1959, in Lexington, Massachusetts, obtained his Ph.D. in 1987 from Boston University​​. Together, Karikó and Weissman's collaborative research paved the way for the development of innovative vaccine technology, which has had a profound impact on global health, particularly in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.

Nobel Prize 2023 Winner in Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2023 was awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Aleksey Yekimov for their seminal work in the discovery and development of quantum dots. These are nanoparticles with unique properties, primarily determined by their size, which have become crucial components in various technological applications.

Moungi G. Bawendi was born in 1961 in Paris, France. He earned his Ph.D. in 1988 from the University of Chicago and currently serves as a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, MA, USA. Louis E. Brus, born in 1943 in Cleveland, OH, USA, received his Ph.D. in 1969 from Columbia University, where he is now a professor. Aleksey Yekimov, born in 1945 in the former USSR, obtained his Ph.D. in 1974 from the Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and was formerly the Chief Scientist at Nanocrystals Technology Inc. in New York, NY, USA​​.

The award recognizes their individual contributions to this field. In the early 1980s, Yekimov created size-dependent quantum effects in colored glass, demonstrating how the size of nanoparticles of copper chloride affected the glass's color via quantum effects. Louis Brus then became the first scientist to prove size-dependent quantum effects in particles floating freely in a fluid. Moungi Bawendi's work in 1993 revolutionized the chemical production of quantum dots, producing almost perfect particles necessary for various applications​​.

Quantum dots have found their way into many practical applications, such as illuminating computer monitors and television screens based on QLED technology, adding nuance to some LED lamps, and aiding biochemists and doctors in mapping biological tissue. Their potential extends further, with possibilities in flexible electronics, tiny sensors, thinner solar cells, and encrypted quantum communication, indicating that we are only beginning to explore the full potential of these tiny particles​​.

What is Quantum dots?

Quantum dots are tiny semiconductor particles that have unique properties. They are made up of just a few hundred to a few thousand atoms, and their size determines their color. Quantum dots emit light when they are excited with light or electricity, and the color of the light they emit depends on their size. This makes them ideal for use in displays, where they can be used to create a wide range of colors.

This achievement marks a significant advancement in nanotechnology, demonstrating how properties at the nano-scale can lead to groundbreaking applications in various fields.

Nobel Prize 2023 Winner in Literature

The winner of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature is Jon Olav Fosse. He was awarded for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable. Fosse, born on September 29, 1959, in Haugesund, Norway, is a renowned author, translator, and playwright.

His extensive body of work includes over seventy novels, poems, children's books, essays, and theatre plays, translated into more than fifty languages. Fosse is celebrated for his minimalist and deeply introspective style, often blending lyrical prose with poetry, making him one of the most performed contemporary playwrights globally​.

Note: From the UPSC point of view, you must know that the Nobel Prize in Literature 1913 was given to Rabindranath Tagore "for his profoundly sensitive, beautiful, and fresh verse," by which, he made his poetic thoughts a part of Western literature.

Nobel Prize 2023 Winner in Peace

The 2023 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Iranian activist Narges Mohammadi for her relentless efforts in advocating for women's rights, human rights, and freedom in Iran. Born in 1972, Mohammadi's activism began in the 1990s when she was a young physics student. She quickly became known for her advocacy for equality and women's rights. After completing her studies, she worked as an engineer and also contributed as a columnist to various reform-oriented newspapers.

In 2003, Mohammadi's commitment to human rights intensified when she became involved with the Defenders of Human Rights Center in Tehran, an organization founded by the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Shirin Ebadi. Her activism, however, led to her arrest in 2011, and she was sentenced to many years of imprisonment for her efforts to assist incarcerated activists and their families.

Her activism took a significant turn during the Mahsa Amini protests. Despite being in the notorious Evin Prison in Tehran, Mohammadi played a crucial role in these protests. She expressed support for the demonstrators and organized solidarity actions among her fellow inmates. The prison authorities responded by imposing even stricter conditions, including prohibiting her from receiving calls and visitors.

As of the announcement of the Nobel Peace Prize, Mohammadi was still in prison in Iran. Her award highlights her brave struggle against the oppression of women and her unwavering commitment to promote human rights and freedom for all, despite facing tremendous personal costs​.

"Women - Life - Freedom," the motto adopted by the demonstrators, clearly expresses the efforts and dedication of Narges Mohammadi.

Nobel Prize 2023 Winner in Economic Sciences

The 2023 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded to Claudia Goldin, a professor at Harvard University. Born in 1946 in New York, NY, USA, and a Ph.D. graduate from the University of Chicago in 1972, Goldin has been recognized for her extensive research on women's labor market outcomes. Her groundbreaking work has significantly advanced our understanding of gender disparities in the labor market, particularly in terms of earnings and employment rates.

One of her key findings is the U-shaped curve of female labor market participation. Goldin observed that the participation of married women decreased with the transition from an agrarian to an industrial society in the early nineteenth century but then started to increase with the growth of the service sector in the early twentieth century. This pattern, according to Goldin, resulted from structural changes and evolving social norms related to women’s responsibilities for home and family.

During the twentieth century, women’s education levels continuously increased, and in most high-income countries, they are now substantially higher than for men. Goldin highlighted the significant role of access to the contraceptive pill in this change, which provided new opportunities for women in terms of career planning.

Despite these advancements, Goldin found that the earnings gap between men and women did not close significantly for a long time. One reason for this, according to her, is the influence of the experiences of previous generations on the educational decisions of young women, impacting their career opportunities. Goldin also discovered that much of the current gender gap in earnings occurs between men and women in the same occupation, largely arising after the birth of the first child.

Her work emphasizes the importance of understanding women's roles in the labor market for societal development. Goldin's research has shed light on the underlying factors of the gender gap and identified barriers that need addressing in the future​

Members of the Nobel Prize 2023 Committee

Here is the list of the Swedish Academy's 2023 Nobel Committee members:

Nobel Prize 2023 Amount in Rupees and Dollar

Prize amount for Nobel Price is SEK 11 million which is roughly $972,000 USD or 8.4 crores in Indian rupees. This amount is equally distributed equally among all the Nobel laureates.

The Nobel Foundation manages the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes. It is based on last will of Alfred Nobel- Creator of Dynamite.

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About the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel has been awarded 54 times to 92 laureates from 1969 to 2022. In 1968, Sweden's central bank, Sveriges Riksbank, established this prize in memory of Alfred Nobel, the Nobel Prize founder. The donation for this prize came in 1968 from Sveriges Riksbank on its 300th anniversary, received by the Nobel Foundation. The inaugural prize in economic sciences was presented to Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen in 1969. Administered by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, Sweden, the prize follows the same principles as the Nobel Prizes awarded since 1901.

Nobel Prize 2023 Winners List UPSC - FAQ's

1. What is the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences called officially?

The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences is officially called the "Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel." Unlike the other Nobel Prizes (Physics, Chemistry, Peace, Literature, and Medicine), this was not one of the original prizes. It was established later in 1968 by the Central Bank of Iran (Sveriges Riksbank) in memory of Alfred Nobel.

2. Why is the Nobel Peace Prize given in Norway, while laureates in other categories receive their prizes in Sweden?

Alfred Nobel, the founder of the Nobel Prize, wanted the prize for peace to be given in Norway, however, he left no clear explanation behind this.

3. Who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2023?

The Nobel Prize 2023 in Literature was awarded to Jon Fosse for his innovative prose and plays giving voice to the unsayable.

4. Why did Claudia Goldin win the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences 2023?

Claudia Goldin won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2023 for her contribution to the advanced understanding of the gender gap in the labor market. She provided the first detailed account of women's earnings and participation in the labor market through the centuries.

5. Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2023?

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023 was awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Alexei I. Ekimo for their discovery and synthesis of quantum dots.

6. Who won Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023?

Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking contributions to mRNA vaccines. Their work has been instrumental in the global efforts against COVID-19.

7. What is the theme of Nobel Prize Summit 2023?

Truth, Trust and Hope

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