How can penetration testing improve IT risk assessment?

1 What is penetration testing?

Penetration testing, also known as ethical hacking, is a simulated cyberattack on an information system, network, or application, performed by authorized professionals with the goal of finding and exploiting security weaknesses. Penetration testing can mimic the tactics, techniques, and procedures of real-world attackers, using various tools and methods, such as scanning, enumeration, exploitation, privilege escalation, and post-exploitation. Penetration testing can be conducted from different perspectives, such as black-box, white-box, or gray-box, depending on the level of information and access given to the testers.

2 Why is penetration testing important for IT risk assessment?

Penetration testing can complement and enhance IT risk assessment by providing several benefits, such as revealing the actual impact and likelihood of a successful breach, rather than relying on assumptions and estimates. It can also expose hidden or overlooked vulnerabilities that may not be detected by automated tools or manual checks. As well, it can test the effectiveness and resilience of existing security controls, policies, and procedures, as well as demonstrate the potential consequences of a breach. Furthermore, it can provide actionable recommendations and best practices for improving the security posture and reducing the risk exposure of the organization.

3 How to conduct penetration testing for IT risk assessment?

Penetration testing for IT risk assessment should follow a structured and systematic process, based on the industry standards and best practices, such as the Penetration Testing Execution Standard (PTES) or the NIST Special Publication 800-115. This process includes planning and scoping to define objectives, scope, boundaries, rules of engagement, and deliverables of the test, while obtaining authorization and consent from stakeholders. Additionally, discovery and reconnaissance involves gathering information about the target system, network, or application. Attack and exploitation then attempts to exploit any identified vulnerabilities to gain access to the target system. Analysis and reporting assesses findings and results of the test with a detailed report that includes summary, scope, methodology, vulnerabilities, exploits, impact, risk rating, recommendations, and evidence. Lastly, remediation and retesting implements recommended actions to fix vulnerabilities and improve security posture of the system before retesting to verify that the issues have been resolved.

5 How to choose a penetration testing provider for IT risk assessment?

When selecting a penetration testing provider for IT risk assessment, it’s important to consider their reputation and track record, as well as the qualifications and certifications of the testers. Additionally, evaluate the provider’s methodology and approach to ensure alignment with industry standards and best practices. The scope and depth of the test should be considered, as well as the cost and value of the test in relation to the return on investment for the organization. Qualified and experienced professionals should be employed to conduct the test effectively and ethically.