How can RF spectrum allocation be made more equitable?

Government Regulators for spectrum should adapt their policies to ensure that spectrum allocated is utilesed to its capacity. They should ensure that licensees do not block spectrum and underutilise those resources while others have no access. Use it or loose it policy should be enforced and not only make it a policy on paper.

• Use technologies that flexibly allocate RF spectrum based on real-time demand, ensuring fair distribution among multiple users. • Implement policies within spectrum auctions to reserve portions for smaller or new market entrants, fostering fair competition and preventing concentration. • Establish regulatory frameworks encouraging cooperation among stakeholders to collectively manage and allocate RF spectrum, benefiting all parties and minimizing conflicts.

The intrinsic dynamism in the RF spectrum usage for different technologies always pushes the national authority to keep a modern regulatory framework concerning emergent applications, growing demand, in contrast with the underused or inefficient use of certain frequency bands. Therefore, it's normal for some spectrum ranges to give place to other services or applications, such as analog TV shutdown in the 2010s. It not only allowed the deployment of Digital TV, but also cleared a portion of it (above 700 MHz), for mobile operators (4G). Regarding the mobile issues, there's no magic bullet for such an overcrowded service. The operators must keep increasing the number of nodes with even smaller cells.

depending on the areas, other areas some spectrum bands are over-allocated and overcrowded. Such as broadcasting in Gauteng South Africa, it is difficult to get a broadcasting frequency unless it was taken from someone who hardly use it.

The RF spectrum range from VLF (3–30 kHz) to EHF (30–300 GHz) is thoroughly divided into blocks concerning the applications and services assigned. Also, each national authority usually tends to follow the worldwide convention (ITU) for many reasons, especially regarding industry patterns, compatibility and scalability matters. In order to allow the best use of each spectrum range, the national authority must keep up-to-date with emerging technologies that are taking place, since telecommunications are a fast-paced environment. Hence, it's mandatory to constantly review its regulatory framework to foster national development.

Nowadays, spectrum equitability is critical to wireless industry. Technologies & protocols that mitigate interference contribute to equitable spectrum access by ensuring coexistence of systems without harmful interferences. These mechanisms create an environment where multiple services & technologies can share the spectrum fairly. Cognitive radio technology enables devices to intelligently sense the spectrum, adapt their transmission parameters & dynamically select available frequencies. This adaptive approach ensures that spectrum is used efficiently in a shared environment. Regulations play crucial roles as well to prevent monopolies, encourage fair competition & ensure that spectrum is used efficiently for the benefit of the public.

Spectrum efficiency is vital to improving the future on the Wireless technologies and it can be combined with spectrum sharing as mix solutions for some applications like CBRS for private LTE in USA.

Nowadays, with so many IT and AI tools, the national authority can adopt automated systems to continuously monitor the RF spectrum by using remote stations. With few settings regarding the local scenario and licensees, it is possible to configure alarms, e.g., the emergence of non-authorized carriers or even spurious signals. Then, the enforcement team is immediately notified of the hazard and starts to investigate the suspect (e.g., demodulation, direction-finding techniques, etc.). Automated systems with remote stations can significantly enhance spectrum monitoring and enforcement duties.