How can spacecraft maintenance be performed safely?

2 Maintenance execution

The execution of the maintenance plan involves following the established procedures, protocols, and standards to perform the required actions on the spacecraft. Depending on the type and complexity of the task, the maintenance team may use different methods and techniques, such as manual, remote, or autonomous operations, extravehicular or intravehicular activities, docking or berthing maneuvers, or orbital transfers. The maintenance team should also monitor and record the progress and results of the task, and report any anomalies, deviations, or issues to the ground control or the mission management.

3 Maintenance verification

The verification of the maintenance task involves checking and testing the functionality and performance of the repaired, upgraded, or replaced components and systems. The verification should confirm that the maintenance objectives have been achieved, and that the spacecraft meets the operational specifications and safety criteria. The verification should also identify and resolve any errors, defects, or malfunctions that may have occurred during or after the maintenance activity. The verification should be conducted by the maintenance team, using various methods and tools, such as sensors, cameras, diagnostic software, or self-tests.

4 Maintenance safety

The safety of the maintenance task is of the utmost importance, as it affects the design, planning, execution, and verification of the activity. The safety of the maintenance team, spacecraft, and mission depends on identifying, assessing, mitigating, and monitoring any potential hazards or risks that may arise from the maintenance environment, actions, or outcomes. Common safety challenges and measures for spacecraft maintenance include protecting the team from radiation, micrometeoroids, orbital debris, thermal extremes, electrical shocks, or mechanical injuries; ensuring compatibility and interoperability of equipment and protocols; avoiding damage or contamination; preventing leaks or explosions; maintaining stability and control of attitude, orbit, and configuration; coordinating and communicating with other spacecraft or entities in the vicinity; and preparing and executing emergency or abort procedures in case of failure or danger. Spacecraft maintenance is an intricate process that requires a high level of systems engineering skills, knowledge, and experience. By following best practices for maintenance planning, execution, verification, and safety you can ensure your spacecraft remains in good condition to complete its mission objectives.