Achieving video-over-IP interoperability can be accomplished in various ways, depending on your specific needs and goals. One of the most common and effective methods is to use standard protocols and codecs. These are widely supported and tested by different VoIP vendors and platforms, allowing for a high level of compatibility and quality. Popular standard protocols and codecs for VoIP include SIP, H.323, RTP, RTCP, H.264, VP8, and AAC. Additionally, transcoding and transrating can be used to convert video and audio data from one codec or format to another, or from one resolution or bitrate to another. This can help overcome bandwidth or network conditions by adjusting the video and audio quality according to available resources. Transcoding and transrating can be done by dedicated devices or software applications. Finally, signaling and media negotiation are mechanisms that enable VoIP systems to exchange information about their capabilities before establishing a video session. This helps optimize the video-over-IP interoperability by selecting the most suitable protocol, codec, format, resolution, frame rate, and other settings for each video session. Signaling and media negotiation is done using protocols such as SDP, SIP, or H.323.