How can you use solar panels to save money and reduce emissions?

1 How solar panels work

Solar panels are made of photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity. The DC electricity is then sent to an inverter, which converts it into alternating current (AC) electricity that you can use in your home. The excess electricity that you don't use can be stored in a battery or fed back to the grid, depending on your system and your contract with your utility company.

2 How much solar panels cost

The cost of solar panels depends on several factors, such as the size, quality, and efficiency of the panels, the installation and maintenance fees, and the incentives and rebates available in your area. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, the average cost of a residential solar system in 2020 was $2.81 per watt, which means a typical 5-kilowatt system would cost about $14,050 before incentives. However, the actual cost can vary widely depending on your location, your energy needs, and your financing options.

3 How solar panels save money

Solar panels can save you money in two ways: by reducing your electricity bill and by earning you credits or payments for the electricity you produce. The amount of money you save depends on how much electricity you use, how much electricity your panels generate, and how much you pay or get paid for the electricity you buy or sell to the grid. Generally, the more you use your own solar electricity, the more you save. You can also increase your savings by using energy-efficient appliances, adjusting your thermostat, and using timers or smart devices to control your energy consumption.

4 How solar panels reduce emissions

Solar panels also help you reduce your environmental impact by lowering your greenhouse gas emissions. By using solar electricity, you avoid the emissions that would otherwise come from burning fossil fuels to generate electricity. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the average residential solar system can offset about 5.4 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year, which is equivalent to planting 88 trees or avoiding driving 13,000 miles.

5 How to choose the best solar panels for your home

Choosing the best solar panel for your home can be confusing, as there are many types and brands on the market. When selecting a panel, consider its efficiency, which measures how much of the sunlight it can convert into electricity. Higher efficiency will provide more power output per square foot, but also cost more. Additionally, check the durability and warranty of the panels, as they indicate how long they will last and how well they will perform in different conditions. Look for panels that have at least 25 years of performance warranty and are certified to withstand hail, wind, and fire. Lastly, take into account the aesthetics and design of the panels, as this affects how they look on your roof and how well they match your home style. You may prefer panels that have a sleek and uniform appearance or panels that have a more textured and natural look.

6 How to install and maintain your solar panels

Installing solar panels is not a DIY project. You will need to hire a professional installer who has the experience and the credentials to install your system safely and correctly. The installer will also help you obtain the necessary permits, inspections, and approvals from your local authorities and your utility company. The installation process can take from one to three days, depending on the size and complexity of your system.

Maintaining your solar panels is relatively easy and inexpensive. You will need to check your panels regularly for any dirt, dust, or debris that may reduce their performance. You can clean your panels with a soft cloth and water, or hire a cleaning service if you prefer. You will also need to monitor your system's performance and output, either through a meter or an online portal, and report any issues or malfunctions to your installer or manufacturer.

7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?