The server-side of your web application is where you handle the requests from the client-side, and where you may use languages like PHP, Python, Ruby, or Node.js, and frameworks like Laravel, Django, Rails, or Express. Server-side errors can be caused by programming errors, database errors, authentication errors, authorization errors, or external service errors. To handle these errors effectively, you can leverage the built-in error handling mechanisms of your language and framework such as the Exception class in Python, the Error class in Node.js, or the HttpException class in Laravel. Additionally, you can send appropriate HTTP status codes and error messages to the client-side using the http module or the response object of your framework. You can also record error information to a file, a database, or a third-party service with the logger module or the log method of your framework. Moreover, tools like Sentry or Bugsnag can be used to monitor and report server-side errors in production and alert you when they exceed a certain threshold.