What are the best fire-resistant materials and finishes for commercial interiors?

1 Fire-resistant materials

Fire-resistant materials are those that do not ignite easily or can withstand high temperatures without melting, burning, or releasing toxic gases. Examples of such materials include concrete, metal, gypsum, and glass. Concrete is a non-combustible material that can resist fire for several hours and act as a thermal barrier. Metal is another non-combustible material that can resist high temperatures and deformation, although it may need to be protected with coatings or insulation. Gypsum contains water molecules in its structure which release water vapor when exposed to fire, cooling down the surface and preventing combustion. Glass can resist fire for a short time depending on its thickness and composition; some types of glass such as tempered glass or fire-rated glass can withstand higher temperatures and thermal shocks than regular glass.

2 Fire-resistant finishes

Fire-resistant finishes can reduce the flammability or combustibility of the materials they cover, or slow down or stop the spread of fire. For example, paint is a finish that can change the appearance and texture of a surface, while also providing fire performance. Certain paints are specially formulated to resist ignition, flame spread, and smoke production or create a protective char layer when exposed to fire. Fabric is another finish that can add comfort and style to a space, but need to be treated with fire-retardant chemicals for fire resistance. Wood is a finish that can create a warm and natural ambiance, but it can be treated with fire-retardant chemicals or coated with fire-resistant paints or varnishes for improved fire resistance. Fire safety standards, such as NFPA 701 or ASTM E84, are used to test and certify these fabrics for fire resistance.

3 Fire safety codes and standards

Fire safety codes and standards are sets of rules and guidelines that regulate the design, construction, and operation of buildings and spaces to prevent or minimize the risk of fire. These codes and standards specify the minimum requirements for fire-resistant materials and finishes, as well as other aspects of fire protection like fire detection, suppression, evacuation, and emergency response. For example, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is a non-profit organization that develops and publishes codes and standards for fire safety in the United States and internationally. The International Building Code (IBC) is another model code that provides comprehensive and consistent regulations for building design and construction. Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is a global safety certification company that tests and evaluates products and systems for fire safety and other hazards; they issue ratings and labels for fire-resistant materials and finishes.

4 Fire-resistant design tips

Fire-resistant design is a process of applying fire safety principles and practices to the planning, selection, and installation of materials and finishes for commercial interiors. Its purpose is to create spaces that are functional, aesthetically pleasing, and safe from fire. When creating a fire-resistant design, you should take into account the occupancy type, use, and function of the space, as well as the relevant fire safety codes and standards. Avoid using highly flammable, combustible, or toxic materials such as vinyl, polystyrene, or polyurethane unless they are treated or protected with fire-resistant coatings or barriers. Fire-resistant materials and finishes should be used in areas that are more prone to fire exposure, such as walls, ceilings, floors, doors, windows, furniture, and decorations. Additionally, these materials and finishes should be used in combination with other fire protection systems like sprinklers, alarms, extinguishers and exits to enhance the overall fire safety of the space. It is important to consult with fire safety experts such as engineers or inspectors to ensure that your design meets code requirements and project goals.

5 Fire-resistant benefits

Fire-resistant materials and finishes offer several benefits for commercial interiors, such as saving lives and property, complying with regulations, enhancing reputation and trust, and reducing costs and risks. Fire-resistant materials and finishes can prevent or reduce the ignition, spread, and intensity of fire, which can protect lives and property from fire damage or loss. Additionally, these materials can help to comply with fire safety codes and standards, demonstrating a commitment to safety which can increase the trust of clients, occupants, and stakeholders. Finally, fire-resistant materials and finishes can reduce the costs and risks associated with fire incidents.

6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?