What are the most common customs to be aware of when doing business in India?

2 Business cards and gifts

Exchanging business cards is a common practice in India, and you should always present and receive them with both hands or with your right hand. Never use your left hand, as it is considered unclean in Indian culture. You should also look at the card carefully and make a positive comment about it, before putting it in a safe place. Never write on or toss away a business card, as it may offend the owner. If you want to give a gift to your Indian counterparts, you should avoid anything made of leather, as many Indians are vegetarians or Hindus who consider cows sacred. You should also avoid anything sharp or black, as they are associated with bad luck. Some suitable gifts are chocolates, flowers, or handicrafts.

3 Meetings and negotiations

Meetings in India can be unpredictable and flexible, so you should be prepared for some delays, interruptions, or changes in the agenda. You should also be patient and respectful, as Indians value personal relationships and trust over formal contracts and deadlines. Avoid being too direct or aggressive, as it may be seen as rude or arrogant. Instead, use diplomatic and polite language, and show interest in the culture, history, or family of your counterparts. You should also expect some bargaining and haggling, as Indians like to negotiate and get the best deal possible. However, you should not compromise too much or too quickly, as it may signal weakness or desperation. You should also avoid saying "no" outright, as it may cause loss of face or embarrassment. Instead, use phrases like "maybe", "we will see", or "I will think about it".

4 Dress code and body language

Dressing appropriately and professionally is another way to show respect and credibility in Indian business culture. You should opt for conservative and modest clothing, such as suits, dresses, or skirts that cover your knees and shoulders. You should also avoid bright or flashy colors, as they may be too distracting or inappropriate. You should also be mindful of your body language, as some gestures may have different meanings or implications in India. For example, you should avoid pointing with your finger, as it is considered rude. Instead, use your whole hand or your chin. You should also avoid touching someone's head, as it is considered sacred. You should also avoid showing the soles of your feet, as they are considered dirty. You should also avoid public displays of affection, as they are considered taboo.

5 Dining and socializing

Dining and socializing are important aspects of Indian business culture, as they help to build rapport and trust. You should always accept an invitation to a meal or an event, as it shows respect and interest. You should also follow the host's lead and wait for them to start eating or drinking. You should also use your right hand to eat, as the left hand is considered unclean. You should also avoid eating beef or pork, as they are forbidden for Hindus and Muslims respectively. You should also avoid drinking alcohol, unless the host offers it to you. You should also compliment the food and the hospitality, and offer to pay or reciprocate the invitation. You should also avoid discussing business during the meal, unless the host brings it up. Instead, focus on topics such as culture, sports, or travel.

6 Follow-up and feedback

After a meeting or a deal, you should always follow up with your Indian counterparts and thank them for their time and cooperation. You should also send a written summary of the main points and agreements, and confirm the next steps and deadlines. You should also provide feedback and updates on the progress and status of the project or the transaction. You should also be prepared to deal with some changes or delays, as Indians may face some bureaucratic or logistical challenges. You should also be respectful and constructive, and avoid criticizing or complaining openly. Instead, use positive and encouraging language, and show appreciation and recognition for their efforts and achievements.