What are the most effective techniques for using layer masks in Photoshop?

2 How to refine and adjust layer masks

Sometimes, you may need to fine-tune your layer masks to achieve the desired result. You can do this by using the Properties panel, which gives you options to adjust the density, feather, and mask edge of the layer mask. Density controls the transparency of the mask, feather softens the edges, and mask edge opens the Select and Mask workspace, where you can use various tools to improve the selection and the mask. You can also use filters, adjustments, and blending modes to modify your layer masks.

4 How to use layer masks with clipping masks

Clipping masks are another way to control the visibility of a layer based on another layer. Unlike layer masks, which use black and white values, clipping masks use the transparency of the base layer to determine what is shown or hidden. To create a clipping mask, place the layer you want to clip above the base layer, and press Alt+Ctrl+G (Windows) or Option+Cmd+G (Mac). The clipped layer will only be visible where the base layer has pixels. You can use clipping masks to apply textures, patterns, gradients, or effects to a specific layer.

5 How to use layer masks with smart objects

Smart objects are layers that retain the original data of an image, so you can resize, transform, filter, or adjust it without losing quality. They are beneficial when working with vector graphics, complex transformations, or multiple filters. However, smart objects don't support layer masks directly. If you try to add a layer mask to a smart object, it will be converted to a raster layer and lose its smart properties. To avoid this, you can place the smart object inside a group and add a layer mask to the group; this will mask the entire smart object without affecting its data. Alternatively, you can convert the layer mask to a vector mask. This will create a vector shape that masks the smart object, allowing you to edit it with the Pen tool or the Direct Selection tool. To do this, right-click on the layer mask and choose Add Mask to Selection; then go to Layer > Vector Mask > Current Path.

6 How to use layer masks with text and shapes

Text and shapes are vector-based layers that can be edited and transformed without losing quality. They also have their own layer masks, which can be used to create interesting effects. For example, you can use a text layer mask to fill your text with an image, a gradient, or a pattern. To do this, place the text layer above the layer you want to fill it with, and press Ctrl+Alt+G (Windows) or Cmd+Option+G (Mac) to create a clipping mask. You can also use a shape layer mask to cut out parts of an image, or to create custom frames or borders. To do this, place the shape layer above the image layer, and press Ctrl+G (Windows) or Cmd+G (Mac) to create a group. Then, add a layer mask to the group and invert it by pressing Ctrl+I (Windows) or Cmd+I (Mac).

7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?