What is the role of Mechanics in mechanical engineering research and innovation?

1 Fundamentals of mechanics

Mechanics can be divided into two main subfields: statics and dynamics. Statics studies the equilibrium of forces and moments on a system that is either at rest or moving at a constant velocity. Dynamics studies the motion of a system under the influence of forces and torques, and how it changes over time. Both statics and dynamics can be further classified into solid mechanics and fluid mechanics, depending on whether the system is composed of solid or fluid matter. Solid mechanics deals with the stress, strain, and deformation of solid materials, such as metals, plastics, and composites. Fluid mechanics deals with the pressure, flow, and drag of fluid materials, such as water, air, and oil.

2 Applications of mechanics

Mechanics has a wide range of applications in mechanical engineering, from designing and testing machines and structures, to optimizing and controlling processes and systems, to developing and evaluating new materials and technologies. For instance, mechanics of materials is used to select and design materials that can withstand the required loads and stresses, while mechanics of machines is used to analyze and optimize the kinematics and dynamics of machines. Additionally, mechanics of fluids is used to calculate and reduce the fluid resistance and drag. All these applications help to prevent failure, improve efficiency, enhance fluid flow, and reduce drag. For example, mechanics of materials is used to design and test the strength of bridges, buildings, aircraft, and vehicles. Similarly, mechanics of machines is used to design and test the motion and power transmission of robots, engines, and turbines. Furthermore, mechanics of fluids is used to design and test the aerodynamics and hydrodynamics of vehicles, rockets, and ships.