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CCS is essential to achieving the goal of net-zero emissions through its role in heavy industry (e.g. cement) where emissions are hard (or currently impossible) to abate, in 'blue hydrogen' production from #naturalgas, bioenergy with CCS (BECCS) and Direct Air Capture (DAC) removing CO2 from the air.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a way of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, which could be key to helping to tackle global warming. It’s a three-step process, involving: capturing the CO2 produced by power generation or industrial activity, such as hydrogen production, steel or cement making; transporting it; and then permanently storing it deep underground. According to IPCC highlighted that, if we are to achieve the ambitions of the Paris Agreement and limit future temperature increases to 1.5°C, we must do more than just increasing efforts to reduce emissions – we also need to deploy technologies to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. CCS is one of these technologies and can therefore play an important role in tackling global warming

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), is pivotal in mitigating climate change. It involves trapping carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes and power plants, preventing them from entering the atmosphere. This technology is vital as it curbs greenhouse gas levels, crucial for combating global warming and ensuring a sustainable future.

If we talk specificaly about the oil and gas industry the main challenge of CCS is educate stakeholders, but I believe companies are strating get serious about this, because now you can see almost every single big oil and gas operator worldwide trying to develop a Net-Zero strategy. When everybody in the organization understand the goal will be more easy achieve the results.

The primary challenges of CCS include - high costs associated with implementation, - potential environmental risks such as underground CO2 leakage, - public skepticism and regulatory uncertainties hindering widespread adoption, and - the need for efficient transportation infrastructure for captured carbon, posing logistical hurdles in its deployment.

The main challenges to CCS deployment is: - commercial: CCS requires investment in capital-intensive long-lived assets - specific policies and commercial opportunities specific - policies and commercial opportunities regulation - goverment support - public confidence and understanding of the necessity of CCS in meeting climate targets

The recent trends and innovations in CCS focus on : - novel capture technologies like solid sorbents and membranes, enhancing efficiency while reducing costs. - advancements in monitoring and verification techniques ensure secure storage, addressing environmental concerns. - diverting research efforts to modular and scalable CCS systems, making them adaptable for various industries. - increase collaborations between governments and private sectors in promoting pilot projects and funding initiatives, fostering rapid technological advancements. Lastly, emphasis on policy frameworks supporting CCS implementation indicates a growing global commitment to combat climate change.

One of the key advancements is the development of new and improved methods for capturing carbon dioxide, including several new technologies utilizing calcium looping and metal organic frameworks (MOFs). For transport and storage, new technologies focused on robust design and monitoring are supporting the need to provide safe and optimized transport and storage infrastructure. This highlights the ongoing work to develop technologies to improve energy efficiency, reduce costs, and improve infrastructure performance for future CCS projects.

To excel in CCS, one will require the following. - proficiency in chemical engineering and environmental sciences is vital. - Strong analytical skills for data interpretation and problem-solving, along with effective communication abilities to convey complex findings, are essential. - Lastly, staying updated on evolving technologies and regulations is crucial for successful CCS implementation.

Upstream have a lot of expertise, knowledge and the subsurface is very well known in the oil and gas industries: how to target wells, how to make sure they are safe, how to monitor them. For CO2 storage subsurface methodology, workflow, and models used in O&G can be use in carbon underground storage. Transferrable skills include: •Data management: collation, classification, integrity assessment, documentation •Data processing, analysis, integration, visualization •Economics (decision trees, cashflow) •Assess feasibility/probability of success and value of information •Modelling and forecasting •Workflow design •Identifying and managing key uncertainties •Supply chain/contract management •Hazard assessment

In a nutshell, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is crucial for mitigating climate change by trapping carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes and power plants, preventing them from entering the atmosphere. Despite its importance, CCS faces challenges such as high costs, environmental risks, public skepticism, and logistical issues. However, ongoing innovations in capture technologies, monitoring techniques, and policy frameworks are driving advancements in CCS. To excel in this field, individuals need skills in chemical engineering, environmental sciences, analytical thinking, and effective communication to support the successful implementation of CCS solutions.