What are the best examples of building typologies that prioritize natural ventilation?

Windmills are towers that are built on the roofs of houses for ventilation and cooling. Ventilators are also built above water reservoirs and mine openings for ventilation. In houses, cool air is sent from the fan, which is the basic type of air conditioning, to the rooms on the ground floor or basements. Windmills are elements and symbols of Iranian architecture

Courtyard houses feature a central open space surrounded by buildings on all sides. This creates a microclimate that is naturally cooler and more ventilated than the surrounding environment. Benefits include Increased natural light, improved thermal comfort, better air quality, and a sense of connection to the outdoors. Examples are Traditional homes in Nigeria, Morocco, China, and Spain; modern courtyard developments like Serenbe in Georgia, USA.

Atrium buildings have a large, open space in the center that extends vertically through several floors. This allows for natural light and ventilation to reach all levels of the building. Benefits are Improved indoor air quality, reduced lighting costs, and a more pleasant and inviting atmosphere for occupants. Examples include The Crystal Palace in London, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, the Boston Public Library.

A combination of vertical voids (open to sky) and horizontally aligned openings (open-able to the outdoors) creates a well-ventilated and well-lit building. Courtyards work best when they have been designed as smaller vertical openings where one captures the air from the roof and cools it along the way due to some waterfall feature or a water body or running through plants in the courtyard; and the other courtyard let's the heat of the house escape. This coupled with cross openings on opposite end walls is an efficient way to capture and control ventilation within the space.

Climate: The type of natural ventilation that is most effective will vary depending on the climate. For example, cross-ventilation is more effective in temperate climates, while courtyard houses are better suited to hot and dry climates. Site conditions: The location and orientation of the building will also affect the effectiveness of natural ventilation. For example, a building that is located in a windy area will be more naturally ventilated than a building that is located in a sheltered area. Building use: The type of use that the building will have will also need to be considered. For example, a hospital will have different ventilation needs than an office building.

Green Roofs and Living Walls: Incorporating green roofs and living walls can significantly impact a building's ventilation system. These innovative solutions not only provide insulation but also act as natural air filters. By absorbing heat and releasing oxygen, they help maintain a comfortable internal environment while reducing the reliance on mechanical ventilation.

Courtyard houses exemplify traditional design wisdom, leveraging outdoor space to create a microclimate that enhances natural ventilation. Atrium buildings, often seen in commercial spaces, utilize a large central void to promote air circulation. Cross-ventilated buildings are designed with openings on opposite sides, allowing for breezes to pass through. Earth-sheltered buildings take advantage of the earth's thermal mass to regulate temperature, reducing reliance on mechanical systems. Bioclimatic skyscrapers incorporate natural ventilation strategies at a larger scale, often using stack effect and wind pressure differentials to drive airflow.