What are the most common algorithmic problems in cryptography?

Symmetric-key encryption is like using the same secret key to lock and unlock a box. Imagine you have a treasure chest (your data) and a magic key (the secret key). To secure the chest, you lock it with the key. Anyone who has the key can open and see what's inside. Similarly, in symmetric-key encryption, you use the same key to both encrypt (lock) and decrypt (unlock) your data. When you want to send a secret message, you use the key to scramble the message into gibberish. Only someone with the same key can unscramble it and read the original message. It's quick and straightforward because you only need one key for both encryption and decryption. However, the challenge lies in securely sharing this key with the intended recipient

Cryptographic techniques are really good . It is too secure to prevent many attacks and it generates a secret key securely without exposing

Symmetric-key encryption involves using the same secret key for both encrypting and decrypting data. This key is shared between the sender and receiver, providing a fast and efficient means of securing communication. a. Secure Key Distribution: Generating and securely distributing the secret key between sender and receiver without exposing it to potential attackers or third parties is a significant challenge. Techniques such as key exchange protocols and secure channels are used to address this issue. b. Strength of Encryption Algorithm: Ensuring that the encryption algorithm is robust enough to resist brute force attacks is crucial. This requires selecting algorithms with sufficient key lengths and strong cryptographic properties.

Asymmetric-key encryption utilizes a pair of keys: a public key, which is widely distributed and known to everyone, and a private key, which is kept secret and known only to the owner. This enables secure communication without the need for prior key exchange. Generating a secure key pair and validating the authenticity of the public key are crucial steps. Proper key generation algorithms and protocols must be employed to ensure randomness and integrity. Selecting appropriate parameters and algorithms for the key pair involves balancing security requirements with performance considerations. This includes considering factors such as key length, encryption/decryption speed, and resistance to attacks.

Hashing is a process that converts an input (or 'message') into a fixed-size string of bytes. The output, known as a hash or digest, is unique to the input data, serving as a fingerprint of its content. Functionality: Hash functions are one-way functions, meaning they cannot be reversed to obtain the original input from the output. They are commonly used to verify data integrity, as even a minor change in the input data will produce a significantly different hash output. Ensuring that the hash function minimizes the likelihood of producing the same hash value for different inputs, known as a collision. Balancing Speed and Security: Optimizing hash function performance for speed and efficiency without compromising security or quality.