What are the most common materials for mitigating vibration in bridges?

Common materials for mitigating vibration in bridges include tuned mass dampers, base isolators, and elastomeric bearings. Tuned mass dampers are often used to absorb and dissipate vibrations, while base isolators and elastomeric bearings provide flexibility to isolate the structure from ground motion, reducing the transmission of vibrations. These solutions help enhance the structural performance and resilience of bridges against dynamic forces.

Aparelhos de apoio, que podem ser metálicos (fixos, unidirecionais ou bidirecionais) ou de neoprene fretado, sendo que o projeto executivo é que dirá a melhor opção é dimensionamento.

Appropriate ductile detailing, sound junction design, following perfect construction sequence and strictly adhering the quality standard would mitigate the vibrations of bridge deck

There are several common techniques and materials used to mitigate vibrations in bridges. The choice depends on the specific characteristics of the bridge, such as its design, location, and expected load type. Additionally, I will mention three more common methods not previously discussed: Active control systems (use sensors to monitor vibrations and then apply forces or adjustments to actively reduce or control the oscillations), Friction dampers (are devices that use frictional forces to dissipate the energy from vibrations), Structural modification (involves making changes to the bridge's structure itself, such as reinforcing structural members, to reduce vibrations).

Damping materials are essential in mechanics and construction. They are used to dampen the impact of shocks and vibrations and to improve the operation of machines and systems. They can be used in different mechanical and technical applications due to their unique properties. Rubber is an ideal material for vibration damping applications. It absorbs energy before re-releasing it into the environment as heat, which helps quickly isolate vibration. While it doesn't have true damping abilities on its own, it can be a powerful tool when paired with other materials.

Despite the high cost, TMDs is one of the simple solutions to alter the existing bridge's natural frequency. Especially in old bridges where adding hydraulic dampers might be challenging in many aspects.

TMDs are a common solution to reduce vibration and avoid resonances. TMDs are commonly used in suspension bridges and large spans of pedestrian bridges to manage vibrations under loads, including vertical loads, wind loads, and seismic loads. In this case, TMDs are necessary to maintain comfort and vibration limits as per reference standards and to ensure both in-plane and out-of-plane stability while avoiding resonance. The use of TMDs, in this case, is an efficient and common solution and requires specialist design consultants and wind tunnel testing companies to be involved to make the right assessment as necessary. Always assess the cost and benefits of all options before making decisions, including risk and maintenance needs

A standard tuned mass damper for wind turbines consists of an auxiliary mass which is attached to the main structure by means of springs and dashpot elements. A Tuned Mass Damper (TMD), also called a "harmonic absorber", is a device mounted to a specific location in a structure, so as to reduce the amplitude of vibration to an acceptable level whenever a strong lateral force such as an earthquake or high winds hit.

Si bien los TMDs son muy eficaces, pueden sufrir alteraciones por contacto directo con agentes climáticos en temperaturas extremas, afectando su comportamiento y reduciendo su vida útil.

One such device is the tuned mass damper (TMD), also known as a seismic damper of harmonic absorber. Consisting of a mass mounted on damping springs the TMD is mounted on bridges and buildings to reduce mechanical vibrations. Common materials for mitigating vibration in bridges include tuned mass dampers, base isolators, and elastomeric bearings.

In conclusion, isolation bearings are an essential tool for mitigating vibrations in bridges. Through their ability to absorb and dissipate energy, they reduce structural damages, enhance ride quality, and contribute to the overall longevity of the bridge. As engineers continue to refine and innovate this technology, we can look forward to safer, more comfortable, and more durable bridges in the future.

Isolation bearings are acceptable Earthquake Resisting Elements (EREs) with seismic energy dissipation characteristics comparable to plastic hinges in columns (see Figure 20-22.1) or deformable soil in abutment embankments. Base isolation involves putting flexible bearings or pads made from layers of rubber and lead between the building's foundations and the structure above. These base isolators move and stretch under pressure and absorb much of an earthquake's impact by reducing swaying and shaking during an earthquake.

In my experience, one of the significant advantages of using isolation bearings is their ability to minimize the transmission of vibrations from the superstructure to the substructure. These bearings are made of materials with exceptional damping properties, such as elastomeric pads or laminated rubber, which effectively absorb vibrations. By doing so, they prevent the transfer of excessive energy to the substructure, reducing the potential for damage.

Isolation bearings also contribute to the overall performance and longevity of bridges. By reducing vibrations, they help to minimize fatigue and stress on bridge components, such as beams and columns. This, in turn, extends the lifespan of the structure, reducing the need for costly repairs or replacements. Isolation bearings also contribute to the overall performance and longevity of bridges. By reducing vibrations, they help to minimize fatigue and stress on bridge components, such as beams and columns. This, in turn, extends the lifespan of the structure, reducing the need for costly repairs or replacements.

Es una buena herramienta siempre que la luz del puente no sea demasiado extensa y las cargas provocadas por el transporte medio diario sean moderadas de lo contrario pueden aparecer síntomas de aplastamiento

Shape Memory Alloys Shape Memory Alloys are smart and novel materials that exhibit variable stiffness and strength associated with their different polycrystalline phases. The Shape Memory Effect (SME) and Pseudo-Elasticity (PE) are two distinct properties that make SMA a smart material.

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) offer a revolutionary approach in bridge engineering, particularly for seismic resilience. Their unique ability to return to their original shape post-deformation, either through heat or stress, introduces self-centering and self-healing properties to bridge structures. This significantly reduces permanent damage from seismic events, enhancing the bridge's longevity and safety. SMAs also contribute to damping and energy dissipation, further mitigating vibration impacts. However, their broader adoption is challenged by factors such as high costs, limited availability, and vulnerability to corrosion. These drawbacks necessitate a careful evaluation of their long-term benefits versus initial investment and maintenanc

They change their properties when exposed to a magnetic field. For example, they are currently used in shock absorbers to prevent seismic vibrations in bridges or skyscrapers.

Todos los sistemas para absorción de vibración o energía mecánica por acción de cargas dinámicas, son buenos, lo mas importantes, es conocer las propiedades frecuenciales de los equipos y fenómenos naturales, para determinar lo propio de lo elementos estructurales y así especificar el mejor sistema .

Smart materials, such as piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials, mark a significant advancement in bridge engineering, offering adaptive vibration control and self-sensing capabilities. Integrated with sensors and actuators, they enable bridges to autonomously adjust to environmental changes, enhancing safety and durability. However, these innovations come with challenges like system complexity, potential reliability issues, and considerable power consumption, necessitating a balanced approach in their application considering long-term efficiency and maintenance.

There are different type of anti vibrations tools which helps to damp the vibration. It all depends on frequency of vibrations. Unless we know vibration frequency “f” it is difficult to say which vibrations damper will be effective.

1-numerical investigation on the influence of drop panel dimension on punching shear strength of the concrete flat slab. (under progress) 2-parametric study on the effect of dynamic load collapse on the concrete bridge (progress)

Damping materials Tuned mass dampers Isolation bearings Shape memory alloys Smart materials These materials are used to control induced vibrations in steel and reinforced concrete (RC) highway bridges 2 . The materials range from traditional passive vibration mitigation materials such as viscoelastic materials and rubber to smart materials like magnetorheological fluid, magnetorheological elastomers, and piezoelectric ceramics 3 . The application of these materials has been expanded in various fields, including civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and aerospace engineering 3 . Additionally, elastic materials have been studied for reducing vibration transmission from slab track structures into bridges

1) Damping devices like Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) and Viscous Dampers. 2) Fibre reinforced polymers. 3) Steel and concrete composite structures. 4) Rubber bearings.