What are some of the instructional design models and frameworks that you use or adapt for your projects?

Instructional design models and frameworks are tools that help you plan, design, develop, implement, and evaluate learning experiences. They can guide you through the process of identifying the needs, goals, and outcomes of your learners, as well as the best methods, strategies, and activities to achieve them. However, there is no one-size-fits-all model or framework that works for every project. You may need to use or adapt different models and frameworks depending on the context, content, audience, and objectives of your learning project. In this article, we will explore some of the common instructional design models and frameworks that you may use or adapt for your projects.

1 ADDIE Model

The ADDIE model is one of the most widely used and recognized instructional design models. It stands for Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. It is a linear and systematic approach that follows these five phases to create effective learning solutions. The ADDIE model can help you define the scope, structure, and specifications of your project, as well as the resources, timelines, and deliverables. However, the ADDIE model can also be rigid and inflexible, especially when dealing with complex or changing situations. You may need to modify or iterate the ADDIE model to suit your project's needs and constraints.

Add your perspective

2 SAM Model

The SAM model is an alternative to the ADDIE model that is more agile and iterative. It stands for Successive Approximation Model. It involves three main phases: Prepare, Design, and Develop. Within each phase, there are multiple cycles of prototyping, feedback, and revision. The SAM model can help you create more engaging and effective learning solutions by focusing on the learners' needs and preferences, as well as the performance outcomes. However, the SAM model can also be challenging and time-consuming, especially when dealing with multiple stakeholders, constraints, and expectations. You may need to manage the SAM model carefully to ensure alignment, quality, and efficiency.

Add your perspective

3 Dick and Carey Model

The Dick and Carey model is another popular instructional design model that is based on the systems approach. It consists of nine interrelated steps: Identify instructional goals, Conduct instructional analysis, Analyze learners and contexts, Write performance objectives, Develop assessment instruments, Develop instructional strategy, Develop and select instructional materials, Design and conduct formative evaluation, and Revise instruction. The Dick and Carey model can help you create comprehensive and coherent learning solutions by aligning the goals, objectives, assessments, and strategies. However, the Dick and Carey model can also be complex and cumbersome, especially when dealing with large or diverse learning projects. You may need to simplify or streamline the Dick and Carey model to make it more manageable and practical.

Add your perspective

4 Bloom's Taxonomy

Bloom's taxonomy is not a model but a framework that classifies learning objectives into six levels of cognitive complexity: Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, and Create. It can help you design learning outcomes that are specific, measurable, and appropriate for your learners' level of knowledge and skills. It can also help you select the most suitable learning activities, methods, and assessments that match your learning objectives. However, Bloom's taxonomy can also be limiting and subjective, especially when dealing with multidimensional or interdisciplinary learning topics. You may need to use Bloom's taxonomy flexibly and critically to avoid oversimplifying or misrepresenting your learning goals.

Add your perspective

Caitlin Van Alstyne

Strategist and instructional designer focusing on the leaners experience by creating interactive, DEI, data driven, and technology forward solutions for innovative learning & development.
Report contribution
Bloom's taxonomy is a great way to evaluate and understand how to approach a teachable moment, but you have to remember to Maslow before you Bloom. By pairing the two together, using Bloom becomes more effective in an educational setting. This doesn't only apply to young learnings either. Using these in tandem in the corporate world will also lead to better learning outcomes and engagement in the learning process. Remember Bloom is a framework that can be edited and curated to meet the needs to your learners.

Like

5 Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction

Gagne's nine events of instruction are a framework that outlines the key elements of effective instruction. They are: Gain attention, Inform learners of objectives, Stimulate recall of prior knowledge, Present the content, Provide learning guidance, Elicit performance, Provide feedback, Assess performance, and Enhance retention and transfer. They can help you design learning experiences that are engaging, meaningful, and relevant for your learners. They can also help you sequence and organize your learning content in a logical and coherent way. However, Gagne's nine events of instruction can also be prescriptive and rigid, especially when dealing with diverse or dynamic learning situations. You may need to adapt Gagne's nine events of instruction to suit your learners' needs and preferences.

Add your perspective

6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

Add your perspective

P. Lorraine Shanahan

I am a dedicated individual with a profound passion for Environmental Science, driven by the unwavering commitment to address the global challenges of water and food sustainability.
Report contribution
I wish all or some of these started off with asking or checking with learner’s understanding first. Then one knows a bit about the learner’s previous experience or amount of understanding. In this manner, there is minimal redundancy in explaining the information or process.

Like
David Winter

Evidence-informed careers & employability strategy. Advocate of balanced, systems thinking in just about any field. (The views expressed are my own, as is the artwork in my profile)
Report contribution
Backward design (Wiggins & McTighe, 2005) - Identify desired learning results; Determine appropriate evidence of learning; Design the learning experience ARCS-V motivational design (Keller 2016) - Attention (getting focus), Relevance (to learners' goals), Confidence (providing expectation of success), Satisfaction (rewarding outcomes sustaining engagement), Volition (facilitating self-regulation & autonomy). To which I add Community (peer learning and belonging).

Like

What are some of the instructional design models and frameworks that you use or adapt for your projects?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 ADDIE Model

2 SAM Model

3 Dick and Carey Model

4 Bloom's Taxonomy

5 Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction

6 Here’s what else to consider

Staff Development

Rate this article

Thanks for your feedback

More articles on Staff Development

More relevant reading

What are some of the instructional design models and frameworks that you use or adapt for your projects?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 ADDIE Model

2 SAM Model

3 Dick and Carey Model

4 Bloom's Taxonomy

5 Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction

6 Here’s what else to consider

Staff Development

Rate this article

Thanks for your feedback

Explore Other Skills