One of the ways that comparative education research can identify digital skills for international ed is by using existing frameworks and indicators that have been developed by international organizations or initiatives, such as the UNESCO ICT Competency Framework for Teachers, the OECD PISA Digital Literacy Assessment, or the EU DigComp Framework. These frameworks and indicators provide a common language and reference for defining and measuring digital skills across different contexts and levels of education. Comparative education researchers can use these frameworks and indicators to compare and contrast the digital skills of learners and educators in different countries or regions, as well as to identify the gaps and needs for digital skills development.
Another way that comparative education research can identify digital skills for international ed is by conducting empirical studies that collect and analyze data on the digital skills of learners and educators in different countries or regions, using various tools and techniques, such as surveys, interviews, observations, tests, or portfolios. These studies can provide more in-depth and contextualized information on the digital skills of learners and educators, as well as the factors that influence their acquisition and use of digital skills, such as the curriculum, the pedagogy, the resources, the culture, or the environment. Comparative education researchers can use these studies to generate new knowledge and understanding of digital skills in different educational settings and situations.