Illustrating how to identify bottlenecks in product development metrics using the TOC framework, here are some common examples. For instance, if your time to market is too long, you may have a bottleneck in your product validation or delivery process. Consider exploiting the constraint by validating assumptions early and often, using lean or agile methods, and releasing minimum viable products (MVPs). Additionally, subordinate everything else to the constraint by aligning your vision, strategy, and roadmap with customer needs and market opportunities. Elevate the constraint by investing in user research, prototyping, and experimentation, and adopting continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) practices. Alternatively, if your number of bugs is too high, you may have a bottleneck in your product quality or maintenance process. Exploit the constraint by fixing the most critical or frequent bugs first, using code reviews, and applying the Pareto principle. Subordinate everything else to the constraint by ensuring that product requirements, specifications, and documentation are clear and consistent. Elevate the constraint by implementing quality assurance (QA) standards, testing frameworks, and error tracking tools. Finally, if your customer retention rate is too low, you may have a bottleneck in your product value or engagement process. Exploit the constraint by identifying and delivering core value proposition, key features, and user goals of your product. Subordinate everything else to the constraint by creating a seamless and intuitive user experience; providing effective onboarding and support; building trust and loyalty. Elevate the constraint by collecting and analyzing user feedback, data, and behavior; implementing retention strategies such as personalization, gamification or referrals.