InnoSol Engineering Consultation

Density Rated Vs Thermal Rated Busbars Busbars can be classified based on different rating criteria, such as density rating and thermal rating. Density rated busbars are evaluated based on their ability to carry a certain amount of current per unit cross-sectional area. Thermal rated busbars are evaluated based on their ability to dissipate heat generated by the electrical current flowing through them. Density rated busbars are ideal for compact and weight-sensitive applications (such as in aerospace) whereas thermal rated busbars are suitable for scenarios where overheating could compromise safety or performance (such as in industrial power distribution system). Read further about the valid criteria for selecting a bus bar in below Siemens Tech Topic. https://lnkd.in/gK79WDNg

VA/Sq.ft for an Industrial Settings Not having information about equipment used in a facility, Volt-Ampere per square foot (V.A/Sq.ft) is a rule of thumb for initial electrical load calculation of a greenfield project. V.A/Sq.ft requirement for an industrial setting can vary widely depending on the type of industry, the equipment used, and the specific processes involved. However, there are some general guidelines and typical values that can help provide a rough estimate. Typical V.A/Sq.ft Values 1.      Light Industrial Settings: a.      Typical Range: 5 – 10 V.A/Sq.ft b.      Example: Warehousing, assembly lines, and small manufacturing operations. 2.      Medium Industrial Settings a.      Typical Range: 10 – 20 V.A/Sq.ft b.      Examples: Larger manufacturing plants, processing facilities, and medium-scale production lines. 3.      Heavy Industrial Settings a.      Typical Range: 20 - 50 V.A/Sq.ft b.      Examples: Heavy manufacturing, steel plants, chemical processing and facilities with large machinery and equipment. Please note that these values can be used only for rough estimation. For accurate load calculations, NEC 220 requires electrical information of the equipment being used in a facility.

Tap Conductors NEC Article 240.21 (B) deals with OCPD of feeder taps. These rules are often referred to as the NEC “tap rules”. NEC defines tap conductor as a conductor that has OCPD higher than the ampacity of the conductor. There are five tap rules related to feeder circuit taps: ·        Taps NOT OVER 10 ft. ·        Taps NOT OVER 25 ft. ·        Taps supplying a transformer (primary + secondary not over 25 ft.) ·        Taps OVER 25 ft. ·        Outside taps of unlimited length Taps Not Over 10 ft. Long. If the length of the tap conductor does not exceed 10 ft, the tap conductor shall comply with all of the following: 1.     Ampacity of the tap conductor is. a.     Not less than load supplied by tap conductor. b.     Not less than rating of OCPD at termination of the tap conductor. 2.     Tap conductor is not exceeding beyond the device/panel it supplies. 3.     Tap conductor shall be enclosed to a raceway. 4.     Ampacity of the tap conductor shall not be less than 1/10th of OCPD of the feeder. 5.     The load terminated to the tap conductor shall be fuse/breaker protected to its FLA.

Single Phase Fault Current in a Split-Phase System The split-phase system is used in North America for residential power distribution. In this system, the secondary of the transformers is tapped to create a neutral, yielding two voltage levels of 120V and 240V. During a 120V fault condition (line-to-neutral fault), the full primary winding is involved, but only half of the secondary winding is involved. However, the transformer nameplate impedance is measured for the full winding. Therefore, for a line-to-neutral fault calculation, the transformer impedance should be adjusted. Typical adjustment factors for transfomers are: 1.5 x %R 1.2 x %X

Generators Short Circuit Contribution in a Power System: Generators in a power system act as a short circuit contributor. The contribution depends on capacity and sub-transient reactance of the generator during a faulty condition. The sub-transient reactance is an impedance value used in determining generator fault contribution during the first cycle (0.01667 sec) after a fault occurs. In approximately 0.1 sec, the reactance increases to the transient reactance which is typically used to determine the fault current contribution after several cycles. In approximately 1/2 -2 seconds, the generator’s reactance increases to the synchronous reactance which is the value that determines current flow after a steady state condition is reached by the system, should fault currents be permitted to flow this long. #EATON_BUSSMANN_SPD, #GENERATORS, #SHORT_CIRCUIT

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ADU Sub-Panel Grounding. It is important to have the ADU sub panel with a seprate grounding system to keep the grounding resistance to a lower lever possible, however, it is vitally important to keep the grounding path closed to the service panel by keeping the neutral of the sub-panel isolated from its grounding bar. #NEC, #Grounding, #ADU, #Service_Equipment

NEC Update - 2023 Working Space Around Electrical Equipment 110.26(A)(4): This rule now specifies that when open equipment doors result in an egress path that is less than 24 in. wide or 6 ft, 6 in. high, the opening must be increased to prevent the equipment doors from impeding the egress path. Revisions also clarify that the space in front of equipment must be unobstructed by fixed cabinets, walls, or partitions.

Understanding the NEC https://lnkd.in/ggiGNM8N