Abhivandan Nagia’s Post

This technical article explains various aspects of the application of medium voltage switchgear and highlights the considerations for the selection of suitable circuit breakers for different applications. Medium voltage switchgear, commonly known as MV switchgear, play a significant role in the modem electrical networks right from generating stations, various transmission substations at different voltages, distribution substations and load centres. Besides the supply network, switchgear is necessary for industrial works, industrial projects, and domestic and commercial buildings for controlling various electrical equipment. Switchgear consists of switching devices (like circuit breakers, load break switches, contactors) along with protective equipment, metering, instrumentation and control devices to perform the switching, protection and control functions. Read more https://lnkd.in/dcsPr4pK

Electrical Load Analysis Tool: Transformer, Fuse, and Circuit Breaker Sizing #electrical #electricalengineering #electricalengineer #electricalengineers #electric #electricaltesting #electricaltechnician #engineering #engineers #engineer #engineeringstudent #electricalmaintenance #electricaldistribution #electricalengineerjobs #electricalengineerjobs #Voltage #current #electrician #electricalsafety #electricalinstallation #electricalcontractors #instrumentation #instrumentationandcontrol #controlengineering #engineering #engineer #plcprogramming

Electrical Equipment Selection Guidelines #Part_01 1. Power Cable Selection Voltage Drop: Maintain ≤ 3% for feeders. ≤ 5% for branch circuits. Note: This is in line with BS 7671:2020 and IEC 60364 guidelines for voltage drop in final circuits (≤ 5%) and for feeders (≤ 3%). Current Carrying Capacity: Cable should support 1.25–1.5 times the full load current. Note: This is consistent with both BS 7671 and IEC 60364 which consider a safety margin for temporary overload conditions. Cable Size: For 3-phase: 1.5–2.5 mm² per kW. For 1-phase: 1.0–2.0 mm² per kW. Note: BS 7671 does not specify this exact ratio but recommends cable sizing based on load current, environmental conditions, and safety factors. The provided values are reasonable but should be verified against specific load and environmental factors. Cable Insulation Level: 600V/1000V for Low Tension (LT) systems. Note: These insulation levels align with BS 7671, IEC 60038, and common industry standards for LT and HT systems. 2. Earthing Cable Selection Earth Fault Current: Design for 10–20 times the full load current. Note: This is in line with BS 7671 and IEC 60364, which consider high fault current ratings for safety. Earthing Cable Size: Select 50–70% of the phase conductor size. Note: While this is a common guideline, BS 7671 recommends ensuring the earthing conductor is capable of carrying the fault current safely. The actual size may vary based on fault current, installation conditions, and other factors. Earth Resistance: ≤ 1 Ω for LT systems. ≤ 5 Ω for HT systems. Note: These values align with BS 7671 and IEC 60364 for maximum acceptable earth resistance. 3. Motor Selection Motor Capacity: Rated power should be 1.25–1.5 times the load kW. Note: BS 7671 and IEC 60364 do not specifically recommend this multiplier, but it’s a common practice to ensure motors can handle short-term overloads and ensure longevity. Efficiency: ≥ 90% for IE2 motors. ≥ 95% for IE3 motors. Note: These values are consistent with the IEC 60034 efficiency standards for motors (IE2 and IE3). Power Factor: Maintain ≥ 0.8 for induction motors. Note: This is consistent with BS 7671 and general motor efficiency requirements. Starting Current: Typically 6–8 times the full load current. Note: This is typical for motor starting characteristics and aligns with BS 7671 and IEC 60034. 4. Generator Selection Generator Capacity: Rated power should be 1.25–1.5 times the load kVA/kW. Note: This guideline is consistent with the BS 7671 and IEC 60034 standards for selecting generators based on peak load considerations. Efficiency: Maintain ≥ 90%. Note: This is aligned with typical BS 7671 efficiency expectations for power generation equipment. Power Factor: Maintain ≥ 0.8. Note: This is in line with standard practices for generators as per BS 7671.

Electrical Equipment Selection

This article continues the series of articles dedicated to the erection, testing and commissioning of MV/HV switchgear by describing the most important precautions and recommendations in various procedures and steps. Starting from the wiring of low voltage command and signal cables, filling CBs with SF6 gas, special attention is given to testing and commissioning checks (visual, mechanical, electrical, operational and insulation resistance).

It is essential that the electrical engineers, or operators who will be in charge of switching, isolating, and earthing operations of the switchgear have a good understanding of the rules that must be followed. In addition, it is of the utmost need to guarantee that the operator and the substation are both safe during the execution of these tasks. The most effective way for accomplishing this is through meticulous planning, as well as the documentation of both the procedures and the safety precautions undertaken. However, this isn’t always the case, as engineers or individuals unfamiliar with the procedures often perform operations like switching, disconnecting, isolating, or earthing. Inexperienced engineers and technicians can also make critical mistakes while operating in a power substation. Let’s dive now into the rules!

It is essential that the electrical engineers, or operators who will be in charge of switching, isolating, and earthing operations of the switchgear have a good understanding of the rules that must be followed. In addition, it is of the utmost need to guarantee that the operator and the substation are both safe during the execution of these tasks. The most effective way for accomplishing this is through meticulous planning, as well as the documentation of both the procedures and the safety precautions undertaken. However, this isn’t always the case, as engineers or individuals unfamiliar with the procedures often perform operations like switching, disconnecting, isolating, or earthing. Inexperienced engineers and technicians can also make critical mistakes while operating in a power substation. Let’s dive now into the rules!

How Medium Voltage Switchgear (MVSG) Works? #electrical #electricalengineering #electricalengineer #electricalengineers #electric #electricaltesting #electricaltechnician #engineering #engineers #engineer #engineeringstudent

Key Components for Electrical Connections (Terminal blocks) Terminal blocks are essential components in various electrical and electronic systems. They provide a secure and organized means of connecting wires and enabling the safe and reliable transmission of electrical current. What is a Terminal Block? A terminal block is a modular, insulated device used to connect multiple wires together. It consists of a series of metal connectors often referred to as terminals that are designed to securely hold wires while providing easy access for connection and disconnection. Terminal blocks are typically mounted on a panel or enclosure, making them integral to wiring setups. The primary purpose of a terminal block is to simplify the process of electrical connections, allowing for multiple circuits to be consolidated in a single location, which aids in organization, troubleshooting, and maintenance. Functions of Terminal Blocks 1. Electrical Connectivity They enable secure wire connections, ensuring that electrical current flows efficiently between components without risk of disconnection. 2. Organization By consolidating multiple connections in one place, terminal blocks help organize wiring systems, reducing the risk of confusion during installation or maintenance. 3. Protection Terminal blocks can provide insulation and protection against electrical hazards. Some designs include features such as fuses or circuit breakers to enhance safety. 4. Ease of Maintenance With terminal blocks, identifying and accessing connections becomes more straightforward, allowing for easier troubleshooting and replacement of components. 5. Versatility They can accommodate a variety of wire types and sizes, making them suitable for diverse applications across industries. Benefits of Using Terminal Blocks 1. Simplified Installation Terminal blocks facilitate quick and efficient wiring, reducing installation time and labor costs. 2. Improved Safety With proper insulation and secure connections, terminal blocks reduce the risk of short circuits and electrical hazards. 3. Scalability As systems grow or change, terminal blocks can easily accommodate new wires or components, allowing for flexible system designs. 4. Cost-Effectiveness Their longevity and reliability minimize maintenance needs and replacement costs over time. Terminal blocks are vital components that play a significant role in establishing safe, organized, and efficient electrical connections. Their diverse types and applications make them suitable for various industries, from industrial automation to renewable energy systems. Understanding how terminal blocks function and their benefits can help engineers, technicians, and hobbyists make informed decisions while designing or maintaining electrical systems. With the continued evolution of technology, terminal blocks will undoubtedly remain a cornerstone of electrical connectivity for years to come.

This technical article provides an overview of the various choices and assists electrical engineers in determining the criteria that should be included in the transformer specifications in order to meet the requirements of their particular application. A power plant often includes several essential equipment such as transformers, high voltage (HV) switches, HV circuit breakers, arresters, and protective panels. Additionally, it has medium voltage (MV) switchgear linked to the low voltage side of the transformers. Specifications for the long lead electrical equipment need to be really promptly drafted. Transformers should be highly prioritized in every power plant. This article tackles the most common transformer winding configurations and explains phase shifts in power transformers. Essential factors for the correct specification of plant transformers, such as transformer impedance, turns ratio, no-load and load losses, are discussed. Dry type and oil-type transformers and their differences are reviewed. Read more https://lnkd.in/d4hvxmft