The US biosimilar market has lagged behind Europe due to significant challenges. Biosimilars for AbbVie’s Humira (adalimumab) have finally launched in the US, ending Humira’s 20-year reign as the best-selling biologic. Amgen’s Amjevita, the first Humira biosimilar, launched in February 2023. Seven more FDA-approved biosimilars are expected later this year, with two more under review, anticipated to launch in 2023.
The US market has faced delays from patent disputes, a narrow approval pathway, and the lack of automatic interchangeable status. Settlement agreements kept biosimilars off the US market until 2023. In contrast, Europe saw Humira biosimilars enter over four years ago, leading to significant price reductions and higher uptake.
In the US, while 40 biosimilars are FDA-approved, only 25 have launched, compared to Europe's 86 EMA-approved biosimilars. The first US biosimilar was approved in 2015, five years after establishing the regulatory pathway, delayed primarily by extensive patent protections and litigation, including AbbVie’s over 100 patents for Humira.
Despite Europe's success with biosimilars leading to significant cost reductions, obstacles such as slow uptake, formulary exclusivity strategies, rebate schemes, limited formulary access, insurers' contracting practices, patient reluctance, and limited physician incentives impede biosimilar adoption in the US.
Despite these challenges, Humira and its biosimilars’ prices are expected to fall over time in the US. Competition among biosimilars, including high-concentration and citrate-free versions, could transform the US market. The success or failure of Humira biosimilars will be a critical test for the US biosimilars market, potentially reducing healthcare spending and improving public health.
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