ACTIVE loading of vesicles with drugs results in an intra-vesicular drug concentration significantly higher than in the loading medium. For example, the remote loading of liposomes with doxorubicin via an ammonium gradient (the prototype of ACTIVE loading) yields liposomes with drug concentrations inside the liposomes >100-fold the drug level in the loading medium. I severely doubt any of the "active drug loading" methods listed in this paper are able to achieve that. Baring a special interaction of the drug with lipid membranes or components already inside EVs, the intra-vesicular drug concentration can never be higher than in the loading medium, neither by electroporation, sonication, detergent treatment, extrusion nor by freeze-thawing cycles. All these 5 methods lack a driving force leading to an ACCUMULUATION of the drug inside the vesicle. The term "active loading" is wrongly used in this paper. I am happy to be challenged on my opinion, I am open for any discussion and if I am wrong, I would be happy to stand corrected.
Exploring extracellular vesicles as a drug delivery system for cancer therapy: in this review article, Jiabing Lian at China Medical University and collaborators offered a comprehensive overview of extracellular vesicles, detailing their biogenesis and absorption mechanisms. Additionally, they explored current research efforts aimed at utilizing EVs as drug carriers, covering purification techniques, drug loading, and bioengineering for targeted delivery
https://lnkd.in/eTCm_t4Z
Their analysis highlighted the potential of EVs as versatile and effective tools for drug delivery, especially in cancer therapy. An article co-authored by Jin Wang and Bohang Yin
#extracellularvesicles #exosomes #drugdelivery #cancertherapy #bioengineering #Vesiculab
