Greg Mullen’s Post

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Teacher and Innovation Architect for Schools (exploringthecore.com)

I encourage you to reflect on the two passages below and read my analysis, because the attached essay supports a solution in favor of "Personalized Mastery Learning" that I think a lot of people think just can't happen. ----- PASSAGE 1: "Until recently, the prevailing construct in developing HMP [Higher Mental Processes, i.e. analysis, synthesis, evaluation] in school settings has assumed that HMP are learned only by the more able students who frequently learn it on their own when they are taught LMP [Lower Mental Processes i.e. memorizing facts and strategies for carrying out steps and algorithms]" (Mevarech, 1980, p.1-2). PASSAGE 2: "In addition, most programs designed to "individualize" or "personalize" instruction require that learning be student paced; that is, students work at their own self-determined pace through a planned sequence of lessons. When students determine their own instructional pace, however, there is no guarantee that any but the most highly motivated, self-directed students with a strong sense of agency and self-regulation will learn essential concepts and skills within the time available" (Guskey, 2023, p.3). ----- These two passages highlight a potential contradiction in how modern schooling systems view the teaching of higher mental processes (HMP) and the development of metacognitive self-awareness and self-management. Mevarech's (1980) passage states that traditionally, HMP were assumed to be learned mainly by more capable students who discovered these skills on their own after being taught lower mental processes (LMP) with intention. This has led modern education to assume that all students can learn HMP if taught systematically, starting with LMP and emphasizing intentional teaching strategies. By contrast, Guskey's (2023) passage argues that individualized or personalized instruction, allowing students to learn at their own pace, tends to benefit only the most motivated and self-regulated students within modern school structures that prioritize whole-group classroom instruction. This claim does not acknowledge teachers' capacity to teach students how to develop metacognitive self-awareness and self-management with an intent to promote student-led, self-directed learning and a purpose of fostering a holistic learning environment that empowers all students to take ownership of their educational journeys and develop essential skills for learning how to learn. Modern education systems have been convinced that HMP can be developed in all students when they are intentionally taught LMP, while simultaneously believing that metacognitive self-awareness and self-management cannot be developed in all students if taught with intentionality. This reflects a broader issue in modern schooling systems, where there is resistance to the idea that structured, intentional teaching can universally develop metacognitive skills, similar to how Bloom demonstrated the development of HMP from LMP.

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