Lukenya Growers LTD’s Post

just learned mushroom culture from Dr. Gopal Pd Parajuli Mushroom culture refers to the cultivation of edible, medicinal, or psychedelic mushrooms. This process involves several key steps: 1. Spore Collection: Mushrooms reproduce via spores, which are similar to seeds in plants. Cultivators collect these spores from mature mushrooms. 2. Inoculation: The spores are introduced to a nutrient-rich substrate, like sawdust, straw, or grain. This substrate serves as food for the growing mycelium (the fungal network that mushrooms grow from). 3. Incubation: After inoculation, the substrate is placed in a controlled environment (with appropriate humidity, temperature, and darkness) for mycelium to grow and colonize the substrate. 4. Fruiting: Once the mycelium fully colonizes the substrate, conditions are adjusted to stimulate the growth of mushroom fruiting bodies. This usually involves changing the temperature, light, or humidity. 5. Harvesting: Mushrooms are harvested once they reach full maturity, usually within a few weeks, depending on the species. Different types of mushrooms may require variations in these steps. Popular cultivated mushrooms include button mushrooms, shiitake, oyster mushrooms, and medicinal varieties like reishi. #mushroomculture #mushrooms

🍃 " Vine spacing of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz/101-14 Mgt II. Establishment, and vegetative and reproductive growth " 🔎 Full article: https://bit.ly/3WadBZ1 NEW research #article available on #OENOOne! 🔬 Knowledge of vine growth reaction to #plant spacing under relatively high potential soil conditions is limited. This study aimed to determine the effects of vine spacing (with fixed row spacing) of #Shiraz (clone SH 9C)/101-14 Mgt on a relatively high potential #soil in the Breede River Valley, Robertson, South Africa on establishment and training labour, aboveground growth, and yield. The #vineyard was planted in 2008 to a Vertical Shoot Positioning trellis, a fixed row spacing of 2.2 m and row orientation of approximately NNE-SSW (30 °). The 15 in-row vine spacing treatments changed from 0.3 - 4.5 m with increments of 30 cm (from 15151 – 1010 vines/ha). 👀 Results were generated over six seasons after cordon development was completed. "#Grapes were harvested at two ripeness levels. Clear groupings were evident for establishment and further training management. Total costs showed trends with an optimal of around 1.8 m vine spacing, but were markedly higher for closer spacing. Canopies developed uniformly with cordon extension. General vegetative growth (over treatments) varied according to seasonal conditions. Individual leaf size was higher for more closely spaced vines. Total vegetative growth parameters mostly showed increasing and decreasing trends on a /vine and /ha basis, respectively, with an increase in spacing. Yields showed a general increase with wider spacing on a /vine and /ha basis. Yield:cane mass ratios displayed an increasing trend from narrow to wide #vine spacing, as did fertility and bunch mass. The bunches from the narrowly spaced treatments seemed more compact. Growth and yield parameters showed very clear trends reaching an optimal at around 1.8 m vine spacing. 👉 The results of this study can be applied in vine spacing selection and sustainability strategies for different terroirs. Comprehensive guidelines for extrapolation to different growth conditions and #terroirs are provided. 👏 Thank you to the authors: Kobus Hunter and C. G. Volschenk for publishing your work in #OpenAccess! Agricultural Research Council

Raspberries aren't berries in the botanical sense. They are derived from a single flower with more than one ovary, making them an aggregate fruit. True berries are simple fruits stemming from one flower with one ovary and typically have several seeds and bananas fall into this classification. Leave a like if you found this interesting as much as we do. #coldstoragenigeria #coolingsolution #foodwaste #foodwasteprevention #coldlogistics #colddelivery

The avocado ovary is a part of the female reproductive structure of the avocado flower, botanically known as Persea americana. It is the enlarged basal portion of the pistil where ovules develop and mature after fertilization. The ovary plays a crucial role in fruit development, as it contains the seeds or pits of the avocado fruit. The Economic Importance and Uses of Avocado Ovary 1. #Crops

Weird Fact for You Bananas are berries, but strawberries are not. 🍌🍓 It might sound counterintuitive, but botanically speaking, bananas qualify as berries, while strawberries do not. Here’s why: Bananas: A banana is a botanical berry because it meets the criteria for being one: It develops from a single ovary. It contains seeds (though they are tiny and not noticeable in the cultivated varieties we eat). The fleshy part we consume is derived from the ovary wall. Strawberries: Despite their name, strawberries are not true berries according to botanical definitions: A strawberry develops from a compound ovary, which means it forms from multiple ovaries in a single flower. The seeds on the surface of a strawberry are actually achenes, which are small, hard seed-like structures. The fleshy part we eat is not derived from the ovary wall but from the swollen stem (receptacle) that holds the achenes. What does this reveal about the world? It highlights the fascinating complexity of botanical classifications and how common names can sometimes mislead us. Nature’s diversity often defies our intuitive expectations, and understanding these quirks can deepen our appreciation for the natural world. So next time you enjoy a banana or a strawberry, remember that there’s more to these fruits than meets the eye! 🍌🍓🌿

🍄 Exploring the Senescence Process in White Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) I'm excited to share some fascinating insights into the senescence process of White Oyster mushrooms, observed over a short span of 5 days. This visual comparison highlights the remarkable changes in overall appearance of these fungi. 🔍 Initial Stage: Fresh cluster harvested at optimal development for commercialization in Brazil (this can differ in other countries). Harvesting timing is crucial for both consumers and growers to ensure the highest quality and market value. 📅 After 5 Days: Main changes in the color of the cap, stipe, and gills from white to yellow; Noticeable reduction in turgidity, with mushrooms appearing less firm; Decrease in brightness, with mushrooms losing their initial luster; 💡 Knowledge acquired: Understanding these changes is crucial for growers, and anyone intrigued by the post harvest process. This knowledge not only contributes to scientific research but also enhances practical cultivation techniques. It will help optimize how growers handle storage and transportation, ensuring visual quality is maintained. For consumers, knowing these changes can help them evaluate the best mushrooms to buy at their local food markets. #Mycology #MushroomCultivation #Agaricus #Research #Fungi

🍇 "Effects of retained node numbers on berry maturity and yield components of cane-pruned Sauvignon blanc" 👇 NEW research article on #OENOOne: https://lnkd.in/eVW2eyAA 🔎 Cane pruning is used in most New Zealand Sauvignon blanc #vineyards to manage yield, vine balance (relationship between vegetative growth and fruit growth) and fruit primary and secondary #metabolites. 🍃 The source–sink ratio (TLA/FM—total leaf area to fruit mass or ELA/FM—exposed leaf area to fruit mass), the fruit mass to #pruning mass (FM/PM), the fruit mass to cane mass (FM/CM) and fruit composition provide an assessment of the vine performance and balance. The interpretation of these metrics (i.e., TLA/FM, ELA/FM, FM/PM, FM/CM) requires their comparison with known optimal ranges specific to cultivars, locations and growing conditions. More often, such context- and cultivar-specific optimal ranges do not exist, thus warranting research to investigate them. 🔬 To understand the influence of retained node numbers on the vegetative and fruit development of #Sauvignon blanc, grapevines were pruned across three #vineyard sites (two in Marlborough—Site 1 and 2, and one in Waipara—Site 3) over two growing seasons, retaining 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 nodes on one to four canes (each cane carrying ten nodes, with 50-node vines carrying on average 12.5 nodes on each of the four #canes) [...] 💡 This research provides useful optimal ranges to compare and interpret vine #balance metrics measured at those sites. 👏 Thank you to the authors: Paul Epee, PhD, Dr. Olaf Schelezki, Mike Trought, Armin Werner, Rainer W. Hofmann, Peter Almond, Stuart Charters and Amber Parker for publishing your work in #OpenAccess! Bragato Research Institute / Lincoln University (NZ) / Lincoln Agritech Limited

People Are Just Finding Out Raspberries Are Not Berries https://botany.fyi/1wansr If you’d like help reducing your circle of friends, stick with us and we’ll teach you how to correctly identify all the taxonomic inaccuracies surrounding fruit and veg. #Botany

“Bananas are berries, but strawberries are not.” This seemingly odd classification reveals how our understanding of everyday objects can be counterintuitive and influenced by historical context. The botanical definition of a berry includes specific criteria: it must develop from a single ovary, contain seeds, and have fleshy pulp. Bananas meet all these criteria—they develop from a single ovary, contain seeds (though they’re tiny and not noticeable), and have a pulpy texture. On the other hand, strawberries, which we commonly associate with berries, don’t fit the botanical definition. They develop from multiple ovaries (known as aggregate fruits) and have their seeds on the outside. Think about the term 'brand', such an ubiquitous and essential word in business today. While the word traces its roots to the Old Norse language, the practice was/is extensively used by farmers to imprint their 'ownership' of their livestock by burning a permanent 'mark' on their cattle as a way to claim 'property'. Over time, the concept of brand expanded beyond physical ownership to include values, reputation, and emotional associations. However, 'brand' users today wouldn't like to think they are owned by the 'brands' they use. (debate for another day...) Our perception of things is often shaped by #stories and #cultural norms rather than strict rules, science or data. Our understanding of the world often takes place in the quirky intersection of context, language, tradition, and science.