Gateway ’s Post

Have you ever wondered how a message transmits from one device to another through the internet? Whether it's sending an email, streaming a video, or browsing a website, all these activities involve complex processes that ensure data reaches its destination accurately and efficiently. At the heart of this process is the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, a reference framework developed to describe how data is transferred across computer networks. The OSI model consists of 7 interconnected hierarchical layers, each playing a crucial role in the journey of a message from the sender to the receiver. Here’s a brief explanation of how a message travels through the OSI model layers: 1. Application Layer: -In this layer, the content and format of the message are created, such as an email or a request to a web server. 2. Presentation Layer: -This layer controls how data is presented in a way that is understandable to the receiving party, such as text encoding or file compression. 3. Session Layer: -This layer establishes and maintains communication sessions between applications connected over the network. 4. Transport Layer: -This layer ensures the reliable and orderly transfer of data from the sender to the receiver, such as dividing the message into smaller packets and reassembling them. 5. Network Layer: -This layer deals with routing and transmitting data to the correct destination, such as determining the IP address of the receiving party. 6. Data Link Layer: -This layer reliably transfers data between two directly connected devices, such as adding encoding and error checking. 7. Physical Layer: -This layer deals with the physical hardware used in the network to send signals, such as converting digital data into electrical or optical signals. In this way, the message travels through the different OSI model layers to reach the target destination reliably and efficiently. Each layer performs specific tasks to ensure the successful transfer of data. __________________________________________ Eng. Shahd Alqam Sultan AL-Yahyai Code Academy_om

Certus Software Welcomes IEEE 2883-2022 Standard for Secure Data Erasure! We are happy to announce that Certus Erasure has taken another giant leap forward in ensuring data security and compliance by incorporating support for the IEEE 2883-2022 Standard. This latest addition complements the existing NIST 800-88 R1 Compliancy, enhancing Certus Erasure's capability to meet the growing demands for cutting-edge data erasure techniques. What is the IEEE 2883-2022 standard? As data storage continues to innovate and change, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. has developed the IEEE 2883-2022 standard. This future-oriented standard addresses the limitations of outdated data erasure methods and provides guidelines for both logical and physical storage. The standard also includes technology-specific requirements for secure erasure of recorded data on various storage media. While numerous data erasure standards exist, many esteemed ones, like NIST SP 800-88 and DOD 5220.22, face obsolescence concerning newer devices and embedded data storage chips. The IEEE 2883 standard for media remediation was conceived to overcome these challenges, providing a comprehensive framework for the secure cleanup of diverse storage media. Unpacking the IEEE 2883-2022 The IEEE 2883-2022 storage cleanup standard outlines methods and techniques for various storage media, including HDDs, SSDs, optical, and removable storage. It specifies interface-specific techniques such as SATA, SAS, and NVMe, aligning industry terminology and modern cleanup techniques. Crucially, it addresses all logical and physical data locations, including user data, old data, metadata, and over-provisioning. The three fundamental cleanup methods defined by IEEE 2883-2022 are: Purge: The most intriguing approach to storage device reuse, consisting of three methods: a) Sanitize Purge Cryptographic Erase (CE): Changes the media encryption key on a device, securing and sanitizing it in seconds using AES256 encryption. b) Sanitize Purge Overwrite: Securely overwrites the storage media with various patterns, ensuring data recovery prevention. c) Sanitize Purge Block Erase: Zeroes out the erase blocks on NAND- based SSDs, enhancing the effectiveness of cryptographic erase. 2. Clear: Utilizes logical techniques to protect user data against simple, non-invasive recovery methods. 3. Destruction: Transforms the storage device into an impenetrable fortress. Towards a Circular Economy The IEEE 2883-2022 data purge standard not only ensures secure data removal but also promotes environmental sustainability. By enabling the reuse and recycling of digital storage devices, the standard contributes to a circular economy, reducing electronic waste and carbon emissions. Certus Erasure's implementation of the IEEE 2883-2022 Standard signifies a commitment to staying at the forefront of data security. By embracing innovative standards.

In-memory computing is a set of strategies for #trading systems, designed to: -Leverage the speed of RAM -Achieve lower latency -Achieve faster processing speeds The four basic strategies that need to be coordinated are: -In-memory data grid: •Acts as a distributed cache or a data store for high-speed access and horizontal scalability •It's good for managing session state •It supports high-speed transactions •It provides a distributed caching mechanism -In-memory databases: •Serves as the primary storage system for persistent data •It is optimized for fast data access •It supports modifications, complex transactions and queries with minimal latency -In-memory computation/processing: •Used for performing real-time processing •It runs directly on the data stored leveraging the speed of in-memory storage The basic applications: Data handling --> Order processing --> Position liquidarion So, step by step: -The trading system utilizes an IMDG to distribute real-time market data across the infrastructure -It ensures that all trading algorithms have access to the latest information with minimal latency -The IMDB records and updates orders and trades -It ensures that the trading system can execute and track a high volume of transactions with accuracy and speed -In-memory computation processes this data in real-time to handle the positions

Certus Erasure Welcomes IEEE 2883-2022 Standard for Secure Data Erasure! We are happy to announce that Certus Erasure, A global leader in Data Erasure Software, has taken another giant leap forward in ensuring data security and compliance by incorporating support for the IEEE 2883-2022 Standard. This latest addition complements the existing NIST 800-88 R1 Compliancy, enhancing Certus Erasure's capability to meet the growing demands for cutting-edge data erasure techniques. What is the IEEE 2883-2022 standard? : - As data storage continues to innovate and change, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. has developed the IEEE 2883-2022 standard. This future-oriented standard addresses the limitations of outdated data erasure methods and provides guidelines for both logical and physical storage. The standard also includes technology-specific requirements for secure erasure of recorded data on various storage media. While numerous data erasure standards exist, many esteemed ones, like NIST SP 800-88 and DOD 5220.22, face obsolescence concerning newer devices and embedded data storage chips. The IEEE 2883 standard for media remediation was conceived to overcome these challenges, providing a comprehensive framework for the secure cleanup of diverse storage media. Unpacking the IEEE 2883-2022 : - The IEEE 2883-2022 storage cleanup standard outlines methods and techniques for various storage media, including HDDs, SSDs, optical, and removable storage. It specifies interface-specific techniques such as SATA, SAS, and NVMe, aligning industry terminology and modern cleanup techniques. Crucially, it addresses all logical and physical data locations, including user data, old data, metadata, and over-provisioning. The three fundamental cleanup methods defined by IEEE 2883-2022 are: 1.  Purge: The most intriguing approach to storage device reuse, consisting of three methods: a) Sanitize Purge Cryptographic Erase (CE):  b) Sanitize Purge Overwrite c) Sanitize Purge Block Erase: 2. Clear: Utilizes logical techniques to protect user data against simple, non-invasive recovery methods. 3. Destruction: Transforms the storage device into an impenetrable fortress. Towards a Circular Economy : The IEEE 2883-2022 data purge standard not only ensures secure data removal but also promotes environmental sustainability. By enabling the reuse and recycling of digital storage devices, the standard contributes to a circular economy, reducing electronic waste and carbon emissions. Certus Erasure's implementation of the IEEE 2883-2022 Standard signifies a commitment to staying at the forefront of data security. Would you like more information about Certus Erasure's integration of the IEEE 2883-2022 Standard? Feel free to write to us erasure@CertusSoftware.in #protection #dataintegrity #dataerasure #dataprivacy #datasecurity #cybersecurity #CIO #CISO #corporate #CEO #ITAM #Assetmanagement #IEEE2883 #ewaste For www.certussoftware.in

How to deal with data sovereignty? The increasing amount of data being collected and stored, inevitably grows companies' concerns about #datasovereignty. Oracle shares 5 key data sovereignty challenges, and how to overcome them: https://lnkd.in/eAdpW9J2

What is your experience with eventual consistency? What is eventual consistency? Eventual consistency is a consistency model used in distributed computing to achieve high availability that informally guarantees that, if no new updates are made to a given data item, eventually all accesses to that item will return the last updated value. Eventual consistency, also called optimistic replication, is widely deployed in distributed systems and has origins in early mobile computing projects. In other words, eventual consistency guarantees that eventually all replicas of a data item will reflect the same value, but there is no guarantee that all replicas will reflect the same value at the same time. This means that it is possible for a client to read a different value from different replicas of the same data item. Eventual consistency is often used in distributed systems where high availability is more important than strict consistency. For example, in a system that tracks the location of a mobile device, it is more important for the system to be available all the time, even if the location data is not always up-to-date. Here are some of the benefits of using eventual consistency: It can improve the availability of a system by allowing updates to be made to replicas without having to wait for all replicas to be synchronized. It can improve the performance of a system by reducing the number of network round trips required to read data. It can simplify the design of a system by making it easier to scale out the system. Here are some of the drawbacks of using eventual consistency: It can lead to inconsistencies in the data, if updates are made to different replicas at different times. It can make it difficult to debug problems, if the data is not always consistent. It may not be suitable for all applications, such as those that require strict consistency. Overall, eventual consistency is a trade-off between availability and consistency. It can be a good choice for systems where availability is more important than strict consistency. However, it is important to weigh the benefits and drawbacks of eventual consistency before deciding whether to use it in a particular application. If you want to learn more about eventual consistency, check out our course: https://wllw.co/VsfdDbIg7

Data communication protocols are the critical infrastructure that enables the seamless and secure exchange of vast amounts of trading data between systems, exchanges, and brokers: -These protocols guarantee strong connectivity between internal and external systems -They offer dependable market data feeds -They also facilitate smooth trade execution Let’s delve into the most popular protocols: A. FIX (Financial Information eXchange) Protocol: -FIX is a prevalent protocol within the financial sector, employed for communications among trading systems, exchanges, and brokers -As a standard messaging protocol, it aids in order routing, trade execution, and the dissemination of market data -FIX ensures a structured approach to transmitting trade-related data and is frequently utilized in both internal and external communications B. REST (Representational State Transfer) API: -REST is a design pattern for creating web services that are accessible via the internet -Employing HTTP as its base communication protocol, REST APIs are typically used to interface with external APIs or web services -Firms often use REST APIs to connect with data providers, exchanges, or other external entities for retrieving market data or placing orders C. WebSockets: -WebSockets is a protocol enabling persistent, bidirectional communication between a client and server through a single, sustained connection -It supports real-time data streaming and fosters efficient, low-latency interactions -Firms leverage WebSockets for real-time market data reception or to carry out trades instantaneously D. Native API Protocols: -Certain proprietary #trading systems or platforms offer their bespoke API protocols for connectivity -These protocols, tailored to specific systems or platforms, generally provide optimized and swift communication -Firms utilize these native APIs to integrate with internal trading systems or platforms E. Binary Protocols: - Binary protocols enhance data transmission by encoding information in a binary format, minimizing overhead and maximizing speed -Firms often adopt custom binary protocols for rapid communication between internal systems or for high-speed connections with particular trading platforms or exchanges F. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Partner Protocol): -TCP/IP constitutes the core suite of protocols for internet communications -It ensures reliable, connection-oriented communication across network devices -Firms rely on TCP/IP for connecting with internal systems, external APIs, or data providers G. gRPC: -Developed by Google, gRPC is a contemporary, high-performance framework enabling efficient client-server communication: Internal communication Microservices architecture API development Integration with external services -It utilizes the protocol buffers serialization method for quick and compact data exchange

Data highways are essentially the pathways through which digital information travels, facilitating communication between devices, networks, and systems. They play a crucial role in supporting the internet, telecommunications, and other digital services by providing fast and reliable connectivity. Examples of data highways include fiber optic cables, which can transmit data at incredibly high speeds, and wireless networks like 5G, which enable rapid communication without the need for physical cables. These highways are essential for the functioning of modern society, powering everything from online commerce and social media to healthcare and transportation systems. In trading, data highways are crucial for facilitating real-time access to market data and executing transactions quickly and efficiently. Traders rely on high-speed communication networks to receive up-to-the-millisecond information about market prices, news, and other relevant data points that can influence their trading decisions. Data highways enable traders to access multiple trading platforms, exchanges, and liquidity pools simultaneously, allowing them to execute trades at the best available prices and take advantage of arbitrage opportunities. High-frequency trading (HFT) firms, in particular, heavily depend on data highways to execute trades in fractions of a second, exploiting small price discrepancies across different markets. Moreover, data highways support algorithmic trading strategies, where trading decisions are automated based on predefined rules and algorithms. These algorithms require fast and reliable access to market data to make split-second trading decisions. Overall, data highways are essential for maintaining the competitiveness and efficiency of modern trading operations, enabling traders to react quickly to market movements and execute trades with minimal latency.

🔄 𝗨𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆 𝗶𝗻 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗯𝘂𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗦𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺𝘀 🚀 In a world of highly scalable, distributed systems, Eventual Consistency plays a key role in ensuring availability while balancing the need for data accuracy. But what exactly does this term mean? 🔅 It is a consistency model in distributed systems where updates to a data item will eventually propagate to all nodes, ensuring that all replicas converge to the same state over time. 🔅 It doesn’t guarantee immediate consistency, but with time (and assuming no more updates), all replicas will hold the same data. 🔅 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝘁 𝗜𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘁? In global systems with millions of users, 𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘰𝘭𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘦 𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭. Eventual consistency allows us to: 🔶 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘇𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆, as the system remains available even if data isn't immediately consistent across all nodes. 🔶 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗳 𝗻𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗹𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀, emphasizing the lack of a single point of failure, which is a critical feature of distributed systems. 🔶 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗵𝗲𝗮𝘃𝘆 𝗹𝗼𝗮𝗱, due to multiple resources (nodes) being able to serve data, even if it's temporarily inconsistent. 🔅 𝗨𝘀𝗲 𝗖𝗮𝘀𝗲𝘀 Systems like 𝗡𝗼𝗦𝗤𝗟 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲𝘀, and services like content delivery networks (CDNs) often rely on eventual consistency to deliver scalable, performant solutions. 🔅 𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝘁? Use eventual consistency when your application can tolerate some data staleness temporarily—think of social media timelines, e-commerce inventory updates, or even messaging apps. 💡 While 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝘀𝘂𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻-𝗰𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘁𝗮𝘀𝗸𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗸𝗲 𝗯𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀, eventual consistency offers the flexibility to scale massively distributed systems efficiently. 💡 Always understand your system’s consistency requirements before choosing this model. Sometimes, 𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗲𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗲-𝗼𝗳𝗳! #DistributedSystems #Scalability #EventualConsistency #SoftwareArchitecture #TechInsights

Are the data storage systems you use affordable, trustless, and incentivized? 🤸♂️ Prices for storing your data should be competitive which is why the marketplace we are building allows users to choose the most affordable options. 🔢 Trust should not be a concern when it comes to storing your data. That's why our community is developing a marketplace backed by mathematical techniques like erasure coding and an incentive-aligned approach with bonded commitments from providers. 🤝 Decentralized data storage structures need to be incentivized not only to allow providers to earn an income with a timely and reliable compensation structure but also to motivate them to ensure data security. Incentive mechanisms need to accommodate provider dynamics and reward participation in repairs to foster a self-maintaining and self-healing data ecosystem. Visit our website to see how we're changing the game when it comes to storing your data. https://lnkd.in/gcR2NKBJ #depins #decentralization #web3 #orchid