The Supreme Court today effectively adopted in the admiralty-insurance-law context the rule of the "law merchant" or lex mercatoria by federalizing "salty" maritime insurance contracts.
In a simple and complicating decision today, the Court holds that a choice-of-law provision in a marine-insurance policy should be enforced as a matter of federal marine-insurance-contract law, notwithstanding local state insurance law to the contrary.
Extolling the need for uniformity, and already having found that choice-of-forum provisions are governed by federal law, the Court finds no reason for a different outcome for choice-of-law clauses.
There is the tradition of the law merchant which is almost a branch of private international law that historically applied to maritime contracts and by extension maritime insurance contracts (and their enforcement in law courts led by Lord Mansfield, but that's another story). In any event, the law merchant/lex mercatoria ensured shippers have uniform law, without regard to the vicissitudes and prejudice of local law.
Regarding federal admiralty law, the federal courts use the grant of jurisdiction in Article III as the source of admiralty common-law lawmaking power (which in turn preempts state laws). This law-making authority is in considerable tension with theories of sovereignty under Erie RR v. Tompkins, of course. Without citing Erie or relying on the judiciary act, here the court by common-law lawmaking preempts contrary state law.
All this gets more complicated with mixed on-land and on-sea insurance contracts, where jurisdiction and governing law turns on the "saltiness" of the issue. A cite to the decision is in the comments.
Perhaps the biggest takeaway as Justice Thomas emphasizes in his concurrence that the "Wilburn Boat" principle will be construed narrowly by this Supreme Court, and it largely will be confined to its relatively unique circumstances.
#admiralty #marineinsurance
Claims Specialist at Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance
2moAttended last summer and this course was fantastic! 10/10 recommend!