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A respirometer is a tool that measures the rate of respiration of a living organism by measuring the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. It can be used in a variety of ways, including: Measuring respiratory cycle timing A respirometer can detect the movements of the chest wall or nasal airflow during inhalation and exhalation. Measuring oxygen consumption A respirometer can be used to measure how much oxygen a fish or sea otter is using. Evaluating wastewater toxicity Respirometric tests can be used to evaluate the toxicity of contaminants in wastewater, such as pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and nanoparticles. There are several types of respirometers, including: Wright respirometer: A unidirectional system that measures tidal volume and minute volume. Static respirometer: A glass jar or flask with a tight-fitting stopper that contains a fixed volume of water at a constant temperature. Here are some things to know about respirometers: An increase in carbon dioxide levels indicates an increase in respiration. A decrease in oxygen levels indicates an increase in respiration. Thanks ATHEENAPANDIAN - India's No.1 Biomedical Industry for Training & Placements

OPTICAL BIOSENSORS[TECHNOLOGY] Optical biosensors are analytical tools that use a biorecognition element and optical sensing technology. They are known for being highly sensitive, reliable, and robust Optical biosensors offer great advantages over conventional analytical techniques because they enable the direct, real-time and label-free detection of many biological and chemical substances.  Optical biosensors have many applications, including: ·        Biomedical research Optical biosensors are used to detect and distinguish biomarkers in samples, such as viruses, bacteria, proteins, cells, and cancer. They can also provide real-time information on binding affinity and kinetics, which is useful for drug discovery.  ·        Environmental monitoring Optical biosensors can detect pesticides, pharmaceuticals, microorganisms, toxins, and heavy metals in water samples. ·        Food safety Optical biosensors can detect pathogens, pesticide and drug residues, heavy metals, and other toxic substances in food. ·        Home-testing Some optical biosensors are commercialized as test strips for home-testing, such as home pregnancy tests. #upsc #notes #pune #notes #india #mains #success #bygrayps #topper #motivation #result #student #rajyaseva #telengana #delhi

A Biochemistry Analyzer is a vital laboratory instrument designed to measure chemical and biochemical components in biological samples, such as blood, plasma, serum, or urine. It is extensively used in clinical diagnostics and research to assess organ function, detect diseases, and monitor therapy. Key Features: High Throughput: Automated systems can process multiple samples simultaneously. Accuracy: Ensures precise measurement of analytes like glucose, cholesterol, enzymes, and electrolytes. Wide Range of Tests: Supports assays for liver, kidney, and cardiac function, among others. Automation: Reduces manual intervention, improving efficiency and reducing human error. User-Friendly Interface: Intuitive software for easy operation and data management. Sample Volume Flexibility: Operates effectively with varying sample sizes. Built-In Quality Control: Monitors performance for reliable results 𝐖𝐞𝐛𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞🌐 :- https://lnkd.in/gSqnpJX7 𝐄𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐥 📧:- info@hplctechnologies.com / info@analyticalgroup.net / apps@analyticalgroup.net 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐮𝐬📞 :- + 91 265 225 3620 225 2839 𝐀𝐝𝐝𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬 📍 :- 67 & 68, Ravi Park Opp. Sainath park Vasna Road Baroda-390015.Gujarat,INDIA. #BioChemistryAnalyzer #InstrumentTechnology #AnalyticalInstruments #BioChemicalAnalysis #SmartLabs  #AccuracyInAction #InnovateWithUs #AccurateAnalysis  #AnalyticalExcellence #analyticaltechnologies #Multiplelabs

🌟I had an enriching experience attending the workshop on "Proteins in the Lens of Molecular Landscape: Computational Biology in Drug Engineering and Targeting Diseases," organized by Institute of Pharmacy, Assam Don Bosco University, Assam India from 09th April - 12th April 2024. 🌟Throughout the workshop, I gained invaluable insights into the fundamental steps of drug design, from disease identification to pinpointing key proteins and binding sites, culminating in techniques like docking and MD simulation using GROMACS software. 🌟GROMACS (Groningen Machine for Chemical Simulations) is a powerful open-source software package used primarily for molecular dynamics simulations of biomolecules, lipids, and nucleic acids. #lpu #lpupharmaceutical #Vertos #lpuuniversity #Thinkbig #ProudLPUFamily #IITMadras

#Unlocking_Pharmacological_Activity #Through_Chemical_Structure_Analysis SAR ➡️➡️ Activity By analyzing the chemical structure, we can predict how a substance might interact with biological targets. Here’s a brief overview of how this process works: #1_Structural_Features_and_Bioactivity 📖 #Functional_Groups: Functional groups are specific groupings of atoms within molecules that have their own characteristic properties.Here’s how some common functional groups influence bioactivity: ⚛️ #Hydroxyl_Groups (-OH): These increase the hydrophilicity (water solubility) of molecules. They often participate in hydrogen bonding with active sites in enzymes or receptors, influencing binding affinity. ⚛️ #Amino Groups (-NH2): These groups can act as bases, accept protons, and form hydrogen bonds. They are often involved in the interaction with acidic residues in proteins. ⚛️ #Carboxyl_Groups (-COOH): These can donate protons, making them acidic. They are crucial in ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding, significantly affecting how a molecule interacts with biological targets. ⚛️ #Aromatic_Rings: Benzene rings and other aromatic systems often interact with proteins through π-π stacking interactions and hydrophobic interactions. They can also affect the electronic distribution of the molecule, impacting reactivity. #2_Ring_Systems: ⚛️ #Aromatic_Rings: Aromatic rings, like benzene, are planar and have a delocalized π electron system. These rings often stack with amino acid residues like phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan in protein targets. ⚛️ #Heterocyclic_Rings: Rings containing heteroatoms (like nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur) are prevalent in many drugs. These atoms can form additional hydrogen bonds or ionic interactions with protein targets, enhancing binding specificity and strength. #3_Structure_Activity_Relationship (SAR) Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) analysis is a method used to understand the relationship between the chemical or 3D structure of a molecule and its biological activity. Here's how SAR is typically approached: 📖 #Systematic_Modification: Researchers systematically modify the structure of a lead compound and observe the changes in biological activity. ⚛️#Alkyl_Chain_Length_Variation ⚛️#Substituent_Effects ⚛️#Functional_Group_Replacement #4_Pharmacophore_Identification: A pharmacophore is a conceptual model that represents the spatial arrangement of features necessary for optimal interactions with a specific biological target. By identifying the pharmacophore, researchers can design new molecules that retain essential features while modifying other parts to improve properties like solubility, stability, and selectivity. ⚛️ By integrating these steps, researchers can predict and validate the biological activity of chemical compounds based on their structures, facilitating the development of new drugs.

CENTRIFUGE ✓ A centrifuge is an essential laboratory and industrial device that utilizes centrifugal force to separate components of a mixture based on their densities. ✓ When a sample is placed in the centrifuge and spun at high speeds, the centrifugal force propels heavier particles outward to the perimeter of the container, while lighter particles remain closer to the center. ✓ This process, known as sedimentation, is vital for various applications. ✓ There are several types of centrifuges, including benchtop, refrigerated, high-speed, ultracentrifuges, and microcentrifuges, each designed for specific tasks and sample types. ✓ For instance, ultracentrifuges operate at extremely high speeds and are used to separate small particles like viruses and macromolecules, whereas benchtop centrifuges are suitable for routine laboratory tasks. ✓ Centrifuges are widely used in medical and clinical settings for blood separation and urine analysis, in biological research for cell fractionation and nucleic acid purification, in industrial processes for chemical purification, and in environmental science for wastewater treatment. ✓ Proper sample preparation, balancing, and maintenance are crucial for the safe and efficient operation of a centrifuge. #centrifuges #centrifugation #centrifugalforce #seperation #sedimentation #laboratory #industrial #equipment #research #biotechnology #foodtechnology #foodindustry #foodsafety #FSSAI #MOFPI #NIN #AIIMS #ICMR #ICAR #CCMB #DRDO #NIFTEM #IGIB #linkedin #linkedinconnections #knowledge Food Safety and Standards Authority of India IGIB NIFTEM AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi) Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)

The timing of Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB) and myoglobin testing is essential for accurately diagnosing and monitoring acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or heart attack. CK-MB levels begin to rise 3 - 6 hours after myocardial injury, peak within 12 - 24 hours and return to normal baseline after 2 - 3 days. In contrast, myoglobin is the earliest marker, rising within 1 - 4 hours, peaking at 6 - 9 hours and normalizing within 24 hours. Sequential testing of these biomarkers, especially in the first 24 hours, is critical for early detection and assessing the progression of cardiac damage. While myoglobin helps identify early injury, CK-MB provides greater specificity for cardiac muscle damage. Combining these tests with troponin ensures a comprehensive evaluation of myocardial injury. #trivia #facts #tips #biomedical #cardiac #heart #heartattack #healthy #health #test #student #medical #medicare #rms #analytica #biochemistry #dmlt #technician #technical #engineer #engineering #quality #india #manufacturer #oem #odm #pune #mumbai #delhi #chennai #bangalore #safe #care #patient #career #job #hiring #lab #hospital #doctor

Understanding Dialysis: A Breakdown of Key Processes Dialysis is a life-saving procedure that mimics the functions of healthy kidneys, filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood. This process relies on several scientific principles: 1. Diffusion: Definition: The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. In dialysis: Waste products like urea, uric acid, and creatinine in the blood are at a higher concentration than in the dialysate (a special fluid used in dialysis). These waste products diffuse through the semipermeable membrane of the dialyzer into the dialysate. 2. Osmosis: Definition: The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. In dialysis: If there's an excess of fluid in the blood, it will move across the membrane into the dialysate, helping to regulate fluid balance. 3. Convection: Definition: The bulk movement of fluid and solutes driven by pressure (solute drag). In dialysis: A pressure gradient is created between the blood and dialysate, causing fluid and solutes to move from the blood to the dialysate. This is a key mechanism for removing larger molecules that might not diffuse efficiently. 4. Ultrafiltration: Definition: The process of filtering fluids under pressure through a semipermeable membrane. In dialysis: Pressure is applied to the blood side of the dialyzer, forcing fluid and solutes through the membrane. This helps to remove excess fluid and control blood volume. In summary, dialysis is a complex process that combines diffusion, osmosis, convection, and ultrafiltration to effectively remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood. By understanding these principles, we can better appreciate the science behind this life-saving treatment. #aboutDialysis

Chemical Mixtures in Blood Show Additive Neurotoxic Effects A new study has found that even low concentrations of chemicals, when mixed, can have cumulative neurotoxic effects on human cells. Using blood samples from a cohort of pregnant women, researchers identified and analyzed the presence of over 300 chemicals. Testing these chemical mixtures revealed that they could impact nerve-like cells, supporting the concept that the combined effects of chemicals add up in complex bodily mixtures. This research suggests a need for revising chemical risk assessment, focusing on combined exposures instead of isolated chemicals. Key Facts: 1. Study found that low-level chemical mixtures can have cumulative neurotoxic effects. 2. Over 300 chemicals were quantified in blood samples from pregnant women. 3. Findings call for updated chemical risk assessments to consider mixture effects. Source: https://lnkd.in/gCsJqGye

Efficient PFAS-free degassing of aqueous solutions Biotech Fluidics has introduced the DEGASi® life science degassing chamber that provides efficient degasification of aqueous liquids at flow rates up to 20 ml/min. Toxic poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are known to be highly persistent in the environment and linked to health problems in humans, including higher cholesterol, lower birth weights, and kidney cancer. #PFASFree #SustainableSolutions #EcoFriendlyTech #GreenChemistry Biotech Fluidics https://lnkd.in/exDQtHiF