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The Arab Kingdom of Morocco: French Creation (Lyautey) The words of French President Emmanuel Macron, along with the applause of Moroccan deputies and senators, still resonate in the two chambers of the Moroccan Parliament. During his state visit on October 29, 2024, Macron reminded Moroccan Regime that modern Morocco is a creation of the French Marechal Lyautey. The history of modern Morocco is deeply marked by the intervention of Lyautey, who played a crucial role in the formation of the Moroccan state as we know it today. Before Lyautey's arrival, the territory of present-day Morocco was fragmented, composed of various independent political entities and tribes, and Sultans. Lyautey's Construction of Morocco In 1912, Lyautey was appointed Resident-General of France in the extreme West of North Africa, an Amazigh (berber) territory. He then undertook a series of military campaigns to pacify and unify the different regions of the extreme West of North Africa. Among his notable victories were the defeat of the Republic of the Rif, led by Abdelkrim El Khattabi, and the submission of the Sultan of Marrakech. These battles allowed Lyautey to consolidate this territory under a single authority, and called it Morocco. The Role of the Alaouite Dynasty Lyautey also strengthened the Alaouite Sultan, which ruled over part of Morocco. Sultan Moulay Youssef, and later his son Mohammed V, were placed at the head of the country under the French protectorate. The ancestors of this Alaouite dynasty of Arab origin, came from the region of Yanbu in Saudi Arabia and settled in Tafilalet (a small région of actual Morocco) in the 13th century. A Berber Region Under Arab Domination By unifying Morocco and placing the Alaouite dynasty at its head, Lyautey gave a predominantly Berber region to an Arab dynasty. This decision had lasting repercussions on the political and social structure of Morocco. The Natural and Ancestral Border of Morocco : The Moulouya River Before the French colonization, the Moulouya River served as a natural border between the Regency of Algiers and the Moroccan Sultanat, and was also the antic border of Numidia (Antic Algeria). Emir Abdelkader, an emblematic figure of the Algerian resistance against French occupation, fought battles up to this river, highlighting its strategic importance. Traditionally, this natural border marked the limit between Algerian and Moroccan spheres of influence.
