Sarah Rice’s Post

December 2024 research roundup for Nutrition Network: TCR and Metabolic health (https://lnkd.in/d5mi5AWD)   There are no holidays when it comes to new research papers in the area of metabolic health and therapeutic carbohydrate reduction (TCR)!   In metabolic health, a paper by Zinn et al. (https://lnkd.in/dZs2d8q9) underlines the possibilities of a collaborative approach (using health coaches and wellbeing advisors) to support the implementation of lifestyle changes for type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, focusing on 2 diverse community settings. TCR can be applied in a variety of settings and demonstrates potential as an adjunct for the treatment of obesity in a paediatric population (https://lnkd.in/dtsXS_-s), patients with fibromyalgia (https://lnkd.in/dxziJQNS), women experiencing polycystic ovarian syndrome (https://lnkd.in/dURyc8XS), and women with knee osteoarthritis (https://lnkd.in/deRcZHxp).   Commentary exploring the role of ketogenic interventions for psychiatric conditions (this month features OCD, https://lnkd.in/dUGfcDaP) has continued throughout the year, and December has been no exception. This month features a couple of papers discussing neurodevelopmental conditions (https://lnkd.in/dfrYY3Pp).   An important paper, 'Clinical research framework proposal for ketogenic metabolic therapy in glioblastoma', from Duraj et al. (https://lnkd.in/daprRi6z) presents a detailed overview on the role of ketogenic metabolic therapy (KMT), which includes details on metabolic targets, implementation and troubleshooting, and research challenges. A new RCT from Bahrami et al. (https://lnkd.in/dUGi4yKp) has demonstrated that a cyclic fasting mimicking diet (FMD) is well tolerated during chemotherapy, provides metabolic benefits, and may reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy.   An emerging variation of TCR is a zero carbohydrate, carnivore approach. This approach has recently increased in popularity with benefits reported across a range of conditions where standard low-carbohydrate or ketogenic applications have not produced the desired results. A new paper by Goedeke et al. (Caryn Zinn, Tamzyn Murphy) (https://lnkd.in/dviwz9U6) assesses the nutrient composition by way of a case study model of 4 variations of the carnivore approach. The paper identifies potential nutrient shortfalls to be aware of (monitoring suggested), which necessitates a considered approach towards implementation and management for those who find it helpful for their conditions (see paper for details).   The full listing is available under the monthly roundups section of the Nutrition Network website (https://lnkd.in/dqMNwjSZ)

Publishing the July research roundup: A selection of studies that focus on therapeutic carbohydrate restriction and metabolic health. See Nutrition Network for the full listing: https://lnkd.in/d5gWUprW   This month, one paper (Ting, 2024; https://lnkd.in/dNQ-ATiU) revisits John Yudkin's hypothesis from the 1970s proposing sugar as the driving dietary factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, and a comprehensive review highlights promising developments in the use of ketogenic interventions for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) (preprint; https://lnkd.in/dvjZ8Qg6).   A quasi-experimental study (https://lnkd.in/dtw6JWkH) demonstrated the potential of nurse-led dietary interventions to improve anthropometric and metabolic parameters among patients with metabolic syndrome through dietary education and support. Part 2 of the KetoSAge study (https://lnkd.in/dGa_46xJ), investigating the effect of suppressing ketosis on biomarkers associated with ageing, found that sustained nutritional ketosis' showed no adverse health effects and may mitigate hyperinsulinemia', while metabolic flexibility was maintained.   A relatively new area, exploring the therapeutic potential of ketogenic applications in critically ill patients, is emerging with an RCT (patients with sepsis) (https://lnkd.in/d5eTKebQ), a systematic review (https://lnkd.in/dcaaU9R4), and a scoping review (https://lnkd.in/dsDexTSn) reflecting current interest.   In the neurology section, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome is examined in Alzheimer's disease (https://lnkd.in/dsxt9jkP), where NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition by ketone body therapies may provide benefit.   Metabolic psychiatry is proving consistent with monthly publications exploring ketogenic interventions and mechanisms (https://lnkd.in/dEizd2pj; https://lnkd.in/dwFJ2zmc); more coming next month.   Interesting case reports this month included part 2 data on the efficacy and safety of long-term ketogenic diet therapy in a patient with type 1 diabetes (Koutnik et al., https://lnkd.in/dDmktRfd) and the resolution of persistent chylothorax with a ketogenic diet (https://lnkd.in/dXBFvkF8).   The Nutrition Network main reference resource provides evidence streams pertaining to metabolic health and various degrees of therapeutic carbohydrate restriction (https://lnkd.in/egt7DjFS).

I am happy to share our published article “Probiotics ameliorate endocrine disorders via modulating inflammatory pathways: a systematic review “Genes & Nutrition Journal. You can access this article from following link https://lnkd.in/de_b7v8w

The European Association for the Study of Obesity ("EASO") Position Statement on Medical Nutrition Therapy for the Management of Individuals with Overweight or Obesity and Cancer was recently published. It reviewed 173 articles that highlight the strong correlation between obesity and an increased risk of most cancer types. Obesity is also strongly linked to poorer outcomes and higher treatment complications in some cancers. It emphasizes the Mediterranean Diet's benefits, including improved biomarkers, quality of life, and weight management, while discussing anticancer properties of polyphenols, fiber, and omega-3s, though adjustments may be needed for specific treatments. The Ketogenic Diet and Intermittent Fasting showed potential benefits like weight loss and reduced inflammation, but current evidence is insufficient for clinical recommendations. Notably, a high intake of dietary fiber (25–29g daily) is linked to lower cancer risk, mortality, and healthier weight management. Read more here: https://lnkd.in/eSZGrQkG

Diets With High Glycaemic Index And High Glycaemic Load Linked To Incident Diabetes: PURE Trial In a landmark study spanning five continents, researchers have uncovered a significant association between dietary carbohydrate quality and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The findings, published in the renowned scientific journal, underscore the critical role of diet in preventing this increasingly prevalent metabolic disorder. individuals who consumed diets characterized by elevated glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) faced an increased likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes within a diverse multinational cohort representing five continents. The study results were published in the journal The Lancet: Diabetes & Endocrinology. #TheLancet:Diabetes&Endocrinolog #Diabetes #Endocrinology #Type2Diabetes

Total antioxidant capacity of the diet is associated with lower risk of ischemic stroke in a large Italian cohort Abstract Experimental studies suggest that oxidative stress and systemic inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Consuming a diet with a high total antioxidant capacity (TAC) has been related to reduced inflammation and increased circulating antioxidants in cross-sectional and randomized intervention studies. This study investigates the relation between dietary TAC and risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in 41,620 men and women not previously diagnosed with stroke or myocardial infarction, representing the Italian segment of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Controlling for potential confounders, a diet rich in TAC was associated with a reduction in HR for all types of stroke, but this association was only marginally significant (P-trend = 0.054). When only ischemic stroke cases were considered, data suggest a stronger inverse association with dietary TAC, with HR = 0.41 (95% CI = 0.23-0.74). Regarding single antioxidants, data from subanalyses on stroke types suggest that vitamin C is significantly associated with a decreased risk of ischemic stroke [HR = 0.58 (95% CI = 0.34-0.99)], whereas vitamin E was associated with increased HR of hemorrhagic stroke in the highest tertile of intake [HR = 2.94 (95% CI = 1.13-7.62)]. In conclusion, our findings suggest that antioxidants may play a role in reducing the risk of cerebral infarction but not hemorrhagic stroke. However, a high intake of vitamin E could be positively associated to the risk of brain hemorrhagic events; therefore, more focused investigations about this observation are needed. https://lnkd.in/gevwsgPd

This month in therapeutic carbohydrate restriction and metabolic health: Research roundup for September—posting for Nutrition Network (https://lnkd.in/duHfeS7T)   The results of studies that compared low-carbohydrate and low-fat methods for weight loss (https://lnkd.in/dv9g9stq), visceral fat (https://lnkd.in/dmxrT-uY), and adipose tissue depots in older adults (https://lnkd.in/duH7cd8A) were superior with the low-carbohydrate method. This adds to the evidence that lowering carbohydrates to a therapeutic level is one way to improve metabolic health.   Neuman et al. (https://lnkd.in/d_kR4AVv) demonstrate that a low-carbohydrate diet in children and young people with type 1 diabetes improved glycaemic parameters without increasing time in hypoglycaemia without negatively affecting lipid profiles or quality of life features.   Metabolic psychiatry is becoming a consistent feature of these roundups, with more from Nicole Laurent, LMHC, Dr Erin Louise Bellamy MHP et al., examining the evidence and implications for ketogenic diets in clinical psychology (https://lnkd.in/dATPWUSk), a commentary on the ketogenic diet for anorexia nervosa (https://lnkd.in/dK7wU_Zn), and a pilot study on a ketogenic intervention for depression from Drew Decker (https://lnkd.in/d2qAst_D)   Other interesting studies include commentary on the potential of a ketogenic approach for muscle rupture (https://lnkd.in/dkrX-ZdT), inflammatory bowel disease (https://lnkd.in/dK8B6zSW), and altitude sickness (https://lnkd.in/d-_tNj3R). A case study utilising a ketogenic diet in a patient with morbid obesity, acute kidney injury and advanced chronic kidney disease adds to the growing body of evidence indicating the therapeutic value of a ketogenic diet in this setting (https://lnkd.in/dRVgp9cJ).   See the NN website for the full listing, which includes many familiar potential applications of therapeutic carbohydrate reduction (https://lnkd.in/duHfeS7T). Main research listing: https://lnkd.in/egt7DjFS

Lithocholic acid enhances health and lifespan, mimicking calorie restriction. Jan 2025. #calorierestriction (CR) is a dietary intervention that promotes metabolic changes. CR-induced lithocholic acid (LCA) production is associated with improved #lifeexpectancy, #metabolicdisease and other health-related benefits. A study used #metabolomics to investigate how CR induces metabolic changes that promote physiological benefits. How does CR affect aging? CR induces metabolic changes, such as alterations in #cholesterol, free fatty acid, short-chain organic acid, and vitamin levels. Multiple studies have associated CR with improved #lifespan and health status in organisms, yeast, mice, flies, nematodes, and primates. Modifications in serum metabolites can mitigate age-related conditions, including homeostasis of cellular proteins, oxidative damage, #inflammation. Randomized clinical trials have indicated that CR improves age-related frailty and diseases, such as insulin resistance, #obesity, dyslipidemia, muscle deterioration. CR activates adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme that helps cells maintain energy balance. AMPK regulates several signalling pathways that delay aging, such as forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins, and #rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1). AMPK also induces #nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) production that induces transcription factor EB (TFEB), activates sirtuins, and inhibits cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcriptional co-activators. AMPK is associated with anti-#aging-related cellular processes, proteostasis, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, mitohormesis, inflammation, and #neurodegeneration. AMPK is a prime mediator of the health benefits associated with CR. #metformin and #resveratrol are two CR mimetics (CRMs) that induce AMPK activation and contribute to an extended lifespan in many organisms. About the study The current study hypothesized that serum metabolites that undergo modifications due to CR might be responsible for its beneficial effects at the cellular and organismal levels. To test this hypothesis, metabolite levels were assessed in serum cells, tissues, flies, and nematodes. Metabolomics and mass spectrometry on serum samples from CR-treated and non-CR-treated mice, 1,215 metabolites were identified. CR serum exhibited reduced phenylalanine, long-chain fatty acids, and tyrosine levels and increased short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and acyl-carnitine levels. Initial screening assays identified six metabolites that could activate AMPK, of which LCA activated AMPK. LCA-treated aged mice exhibited improvements in running distance, duration, grip strength. This alleviated age-associated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. LCA was identified as a CR-induced metabolite that can activate AMPK and improve lifespan of organisms, including nematodes, flies, and mice. https://lnkd.in/eEA7qGdg

🌟 Excited to share some fascinating insights on the intersection of microbiome research and metabolic health! 🌱💼 Recent studies have shed light on the profound impact of gut microbiota on host metabolism, particularly in the context of obesity and diabetes. Research indicates that differences in microbial diversity and composition play a crucial role in shaping individual susceptibility to metabolic disorders. I recommend reading the full article I linked, however, here are some key findings: 1️⃣ Microbial Diversity & Obesity: Studies have shown that obese individuals exhibit alterations in the relative abundance of certain bacterial divisions, such as increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes. Low microbial gene count has been associated with systemic inflammation, adiposity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. 2️⃣ SCFA Supplementation: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced through bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber, have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for combating obesity and metabolic syndrome. SCFA supplementation has been shown to attenuate fat deposition, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce inflammation in both animal and human studies. 3️⃣ Microbiota & Diabetes: The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation associated with diabetes. Prebiotics, dietary fiber, and certain medications like metformin and acarbose have been found to modulate gut microbiota composition, leading to improved glycemic control and metabolic outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of personalized approaches to nutrition and healthcare, taking into account individual variations in gut microbiota composition. By leveraging insights from microbiome research, we can develop targeted interventions to promote metabolic health and combat the rising prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Exciting times ahead in the field of microbiome science! Let’s continue to explore the potential of these discoveries in revolutionizing personalized medicine and preventive healthcare. 💡💪 https://lnkd.in/eiARY6ck #MicrobiomeResearch #MetabolicHealth #PersonalizedMedicine #HealthcareInnovation

Osteodystrophia fibrosa (Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism) is a metabolic bone disease seen in goats,caused primarily by dietary imbalances, particularly a high phosphorus-to-calcium ratio or calcium deficiency. This condition leads to excessive resorption of calcium from bones, resulting in bone softening, deformities, and lameness. 🔷Etiology and Pathophysiology: Primary Cause: Imbalance in dietary calcium and phosphorus (high phosphorus and low calcium). Secondary Cause: Chronic vitamin D deficiency, which impairs calcium absorption. Pathophysiology: Low dietary calcium or high phosphorus levels trigger parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion (secondary hyperparathyroidism). PTH stimulates calcium resorption from bones to maintain normal blood calcium levels, leading to bone demineralization. This results in fibrous tissue replacement of bone matrix (fibrous osteodystrophy 🔷Clinical Signs: Skeletal Deformities: Swelling of the jaw (“Big Head Disease”), limb bowing, and spinal deformities. Lameness and Stiff Gait Fractures (pathologic) with minimal trauma. Pain and Reluctance to Move Poor Growth or Weight Loss despite normal appetite. Facial and Mandibular Swelling – fibrous tissue deposition. Reduced Milk Production and fertility issues. 🔷Diagnosis: 1. History and Clinical Signs – Dietary analysis (high grain, low roughage diets). 2. Radiography: Bone thinning, fractures, and fibrous tissue deposition. 3. Biochemistry:Low or normal calcium, high phosphorus, and elevated PTH. 4. Necropsy: Thin cortical bone, fibrous marrow replacement, and rubbery bones. 🔷Treatment: Dietary Correction: Increase calcium intake – Provide calcium carbonate or limestone supplements. Reduce phosphorus by limiting grain intake and increasing forage. Optimal Ca:P ratio: 2:1. Vitamin D Supplementation – If deficient. Supportive Care: Analgesics (NSAIDs) for pain management. Fracture management if needed. 🔷Prevention: Balanced Diet: Ensure adequate calcium and phosphorus balance. Forage-Based Diets: High-quality hay or pasture with minimal grain supplementation. Supplementation: Mineral blocks with balanced calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D. Regular Monitoring: Periodic dietary assessment and monitoring of herd health. 🔷Prognosis: Good if diagnosed early and dietary correction is implemented. Advanced cases with severe bone deformities may have a guarded prognosis. #caprine #veterinarymedicine