Varicon Aqua’s Post

❗❗Thermokarst project ❗❗ #Ventilated caves and the epikarst fractures are representatives of karstification processes which are the interplay of water and airflow with karst massifs. Understanding these karst systems can provide important information about the structural, hydrogeological and geothermal features of underground processes. The #thermokarst_project aims to investigate these thermal aspects of karst. Through the systematic comparison between the field data, gathered in different Swiss caves, and the numerical modelling this project wants to quantify the amount of energy exchanged within cave systems, especially between cave walls and air. #Caves can be seen as an interface between the atmosphere outside and the atmosphere deep within the karst massif. These two atmospheres have different physical characteristics, such as temperature, density and pressure, and tend to balance each other. Warm air has a lower density than cold air, so a volume of warm air immersed in a cold atmosphere will tend to rise. Conversely, a volume of cold air immersed in a volume of warm air will tend to "fall". In winter, the temperature of the atmosphere inside a cave is higher than the temperature outside, so the atmosphere in the cave is this volume of warm air immersed in a volume of cold air, and will therefore tend to rise. If the cave has several entrances at different heights, the warm air inside will begin to rise towards the highest entrance of the cave until it emerges into the outside atmosphere. So, in winter, the highest inlets will blow the warm air from the cave outwards, while the lowest inlets will draw in cold air from outside to replace the air that escapes. In summer, however, exactly the opposite happens: when the outside air is warmer, the cold air in the cave tends to 'fall' towards the lower inlets and escape. This phenomenon is reflected in the air currents inside the cave. Unlike many drill holes showing the vertical #temperature gradients in non-karstic rocks is close to 3 ℃/100m, this value is 0.4 ℃/100m on average in karst vadose zones c. This gradient corresponds to a normal adiabatic gradient for humid air. This can increase the probability of the claim that the airflow convective heat flux is dominant in ventilated caves. This flux, in turn, can propagate into surrounding rock and change the temperature gradient for a certain distance. Additionally, the presence of a thin water layer on the cave wall produces evaporation cooling or condensation warming. These coupling mechanisms encourage us to generalize a conceptual thermal model for qualitative evaluations and after that develop a numerical model for quantitative analysis. ❗❗ New article by Claudio Pastore as part of the Thermokarst Project  : Dispersion of artificial tracers in ventilated caves ❗❗ Link : https://lnkd.in/eJ72KkTw

🌎( vibro stone column): also known as vibro replacement or vibro-displacement column, is a ground improvement technique used to increase the load-bearing capacity of weak or compressible soils. It involves the installation of columns of compacted aggregate (stones) into the ground using a vibrating probe. The vibration helps to displace surrounding soil and densify the stone column. 🔻overall,we can use it for any of the following: 1)Foundation Support: 2)Land Reclamation: 3)Mitigating Liquefaction Risk: 4) Slope Stability: (For more explanation on the above four points, you can see the first comment.) ➖To summarise, the main effects of the vibro replacement method are: • reduction of settlements • reduction of consolidation time • increase of bearing capacity • reduction of liquefaction potential. 📚 If you want to know more about vibro stone column, You can benefit from this book.(Ground Improvement by Deep Vibratory Methods) #engineering #geotechnicalengineer #foundation #constructionengineer #foundationdesign #groundimprovement #groundengineering #soil #civil #civilengineering #groundwork #soilscience #search #education #geotechnics #soilstabilization #enviromental #seismicdesign #soil #slopestability #vibrostonecolumn #settlement #consolidation

Soil structure interaction can be case-specific in deep alluvial basins. There are several contrasting evidences. Using system identification, we found soil structure interaction is more realistic for #elevated #water tank. We consider three reservoir conditions for system identification (full, half, and empty). NB: Slender structures can have different stories, so the use of structural dynamics in design/assessment enhances reliability. The paper is open access, feel free to download and read. #WaterTank #SystemIdentification #SoilStructureInteraction #OMA https://lnkd.in/eDjBruGg

Stope Atlas and Stope Notes in Sublevel Stoping: An example of a Stope Atlas for Longitudinal Stoping for those interested. 🙂 #UndergroundMining #GTE https://lnkd.in/gM2sT8M8

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Polyester Geogrid known as PET Grid is woven by high strength polymer yarns as per desired mesh sizes and strength from 20kN/m to 800kN/m(Biaxial type), 40-25kN/m to 600-400kN/m(Uniaxial type). Polyester geogrid is created through interlacing, usually at right angles, two or more yarns or filaments. Exterior of PET Grid is coated with polymer or nontoxic substance material for UV, acid and alkali resistance and prevents the bio-decomposition.

🤯 Any aggregate on any subgrade! That’s what the new design methods on Tensarplus can handle. That’s thanks in large part to the new deformation accumulation function that I just published with co-author Erol Tutumluer. It’s a simple function with just one input parameter obtained from cyclic or repetitive load triaxial testing. It works for both the aggregate base course and subgrade soil and is being used to predict rut depth accumulation in the Lees-Han unpaved roads design method. The paper has been peer-reviewed and published in Transportation Geotechnics and is FREE 🆓 to download until 28th January at this link https://lnkd.in/eV_99Mid. Inside you’ll see that the single “alpha” parameter has already been derived from cyclic triaxial tests on a wide range of soils from rail ballast to high-plasticity clay. At Tensar, a division of CMC, we’ve derived alpha for recycled and other alternative aggregate sources, including those mechanically stabilised by geogrid, to help address the growing shortage and rising cost of high-quality aggregates.

This is a milestone paper that deserves to be recognised for the major significance it will have on the future design of road and rail infrastructure. As materials research and analysis tools become increasingly sophisticated, the tendency is for empirical relationships developed to describe the behaviour of material to become ever more complex. Here, we have exactly the opposite. Andrew Lees and Erol Tutumluer have come up with a beautifully simple, yet rigorously proven means of predicting deformation in road foundations and rail trackbed. Importantly, use of their method has the potential to reduce cost and encourage use of recycled materials.

Modern soil reinforcement is evolving with advanced materials and innovative methods, offering sustainable solutions for weak foundation soils. Basalt fiber geogrids, derived from volcanic basalt rock, are transforming the field by providing a green, non-polluting alternative with exceptional performance. With tensile strength surpassing that of steel fibers, basalt fiber geogrids are cost-efficient replacements for glass and carbon fibers. Their ability to stabilize weak soils relies on frictional forces at the soil-reinforcement interface, ensuring durability and enhanced load-bearing capacity. Recent studies tested the effectiveness of basalt geogrids in cohesionless soils, exploring variables such as confinement depth ratios and the number of geogrid cells. Results revealed that maximum soil strength occurs within the zone of influence when combined with optimal coir fiber content, showcasing the potential of basalt fiber geogrids in sustainable and efficient soil stabilization. Basalt fiber geogrids are not just a material innovation—they're a step toward greener, more resilient infrastructure. How do you see these advancements shaping the future of construction and soil reinforcement? Let's discuss!

In a previous post, we explored the importance of creep resistance and why it is so crucial. Today, we’ll highlight a real-world application where creep resistance is vital: #Sinkholes 🕳️. Sinkholes can form due to various geological processes, depending on the terrain. They are most commonly found in regions with karst geology, where soluble rocks such as limestone, gypsum, or salt beds dissolve over time, creating underground cavities. In addition to natural erosion, human activities like drilling, mining, or over-extraction of groundwater 💧 can accelerate this process. A sinkhole is formed when the ground beneath the surface gradually weakens and collapses 🌱⏳. When we construct embankments over terrains prone to sinkholes, it's crucial to understand that #Geosynthetics with high creep resistance play a vital role. They prevent the embankment material from falling into the collapsing sinkholes, thereby maintaining the structural integrity of any infrastructure built upon it 🏗️. This knowledge empowers us to make informed decisions in construction. High Strenght Woven geotextiles like #Stabilenka are engineered with integrity, resilience, and longevity of the construction in mind 🛠️. When faced with an engineering challenge involving sinkholes threatening the integrity of earthworks constructions, you can rely on the expertise of the HUESKER North America engineering team. We can help you design and implement the solution, providing you with the confidence and reassurance you need ✅.