Artificial Intelligence Takes on One of the Most Common forms of Cancer

Artificial Intelligence Helps Cut Miss Rate of Colorectal Polyps

A.I. keeps optimizing early detection in a range of use cases.

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I found yet another very encouraging story about A.I. in healthcare.

A.I. Takes on Colorectal cancer (CRC) 

According to the American Cancer Society, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in men and women combined and is expected to cause over 50,000 deaths in 2022.

With the increasing ability to consistently and accurately process large amounts of data, particularly visual data, computer-aided diagnostic systems are more frequently being used to assist physicians in their work. In 2022 this has moved forwards in any number of areas.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) starts in the colon or the rectum. These cancers can also be called colon cancer or rectal cancer, depending on where they start. For colon cancer, the overall 5-year survival rate for people is 64%. If the cancer is diagnosed at a localized stage, the survival rate is 91%. If the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or organs and/or the regional lymph nodes, the 5-year survival rate is 72%.

Artificial intelligence helped drive a two-fold reduction in the miss rate of colorectal neoplasia, which increases the possibility of preventing colorectal cancer.

The impact that colonoscopy and polypectomy of adenomatous polyps have on reducing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely known; however, it appears that endoscopic advances have not translated into reduced interval cancer rate.

Intending to put a dent in colorectal cancer (CRC) cases, researchers from the US and UK applied artificial intelligence to colonoscopies in an effort to reduce the number of colorectal polyps missed due to perceptual pitfalls.

They detailed their findings in a study published in Gastroenterology.

Read the Study

A.I. Improving our Battle against Colorectal Cancer

Findings published in Gastroenterology show that AI technology assisted coloscopy improves the accuracy of polyp detection, which plays an important role in the prevention of colorectal cancer.

The study, published on March 15 in Gastroenterology, the official medical journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, found that the use of GI Genius in conjunction with colonoscopy significantly decreases the miss rate (2x) of colorectal polyps and adenomas compared to standard colonoscopy.

GI Genius™ is a new AI-enhanced endoscopy aid device for the detection of colorectal lesions during colonoscopy. The GI Genius™ intelligent endoscopy module offers a transformative solution — powered by Artificial Intelligence — to address the challenges of detecting colorectal cancer, early.

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GI Genius Shows Improved Screening Finding more Colorectal Polyps

Because of perceptual pitfalls, standard colon cancer screenings often miss several colorectal polyps. However, recent advances in AI show they can assist in locating these frequently neglected cases of colorectal neoplasia and thereby help decrease the rate of colorectal cancer cases.

For mortality rates early detection is everything.

Study

• Researchers divided these subjects into two groups receiving a colonoscopy, one with and one without AI. However, the order of operations was different for each, as one group received their AI-assisted colonoscopy first, followed by the non-AI-assisted procedure. The other group received their procedures in the opposite order.
• Researchers then calculated the differences in adenoma miss rate (AMR), which refers to the number of histologically verified lesions detected at the second colonoscopy divided by the total number of lesions detected at the first and second colonoscopies.
• The results showed that AMR was 15.5 percent for the group that underwent the AI colonoscopy first and 32.4 percent for the group that received the non-AI colonoscopy first. Research also showed that the AI-first group saw lower AMR regarding the proximal and distal colon.

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Conclusion

Researchers concluded that AI could help drive a two-fold reduction in the miss rate of colorectal neoplasia.

Using the assistance of AI when performing procedures is becoming frequent.

A recent collaboration shows how AI tools used during colonoscopy can significantly improve health equity. This project occurred through a partnership between Medtronic and the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and intended to increase outreach to underserved communities, using AI to improve colon cancer screenings.

In colonoscopies performed as part of the study, adenoma miss rate (AMR) was significantly lower when GI Genius was used as compared to a non-AI-assisted colonoscopy (15.5% vs 32.4%; p-value <0.001). These findings demonstrate that the use of GI Genius during colonoscopy significantly decreases the miss rate of both adenomas and polyps, further confirming the benefit GI Genius adds to colonoscopy procedures.

Big Picture

A.I. is thus especially useful is in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is especially deadly and results in over 900K deaths per year, globally. CRC originates in small pre-cancerous lesions in the colon, called polyps, the identification and removal of which is very successful in preventing CRC-related deaths.

CRC is the Second Most Common Cancer

According to the American Cancer Society, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in men and women combined and is expected to cause over 50,000 deaths in 2022.

The detection and removal of adenomatous polyps at early diagnosis and regular colonoscopy screening are the most effective ways to reduce the incidence and mortality of CRC.

On March 22nd, 2022 Wision A.I. Ltd, a startup in the field of artificial intelligence assisted diagnostics for optical medical imaging, today announced the expansion of its product portfolio with recent U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) 510(k) Clearance for EndoScreener, its AI-assisted polyp detection software during colonoscopy, and an FDA presubmission in queue for an upcoming histopathology AI software that assists in the localization of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) in whole slide imaging (WSI).

The standard procedure used by gastroenterologists (GIs) to detect and remove polyps is the colonoscopy, and about 19 million such procedures are performed annually in the US alone. During a colonoscopy, the gastroenterologist uses a camera-containing probe to check the intestine for pre-cancerous polyps and early signs of cancer, and removes tissue that looks worrisome.

In fact, studies suggest that 22%–28% of polyps are missed during colonoscopies, of which 20%–24% have the potential to become cancerous (adenomas).

To help the GI detect polyps that are outside the field of view, Google AI previously developed an ML system that reduces the rate of incomplete exploration by estimating the fractions of covered and non-covered regions of a colon during a colonoscopy.

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A.I. tools like GI Genius essentially augment how well Physicians can use Colonoscopies.

"We know that colonoscopy is the gold standard for colon cancer screening and this study unequivocally demonstrates that AI-technology can help physicians better detect polyps during the procedure," said Dr. Austin Chiang, M.D., M.P.H., chief medical officer of the Gastrointestinal business, which is part of the Medical Surgical Portfolio at Medtronic.

So this is extremely good news in how A.I. is impacting mortality rates in Cancers like CRC. These findings emphasize the value of artificial intelligence in increasing precancerous polyp detection in colonoscopy.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has also driven the development and use of AI and machine learning.

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