Artillery and Autonomy: How the Creation of A and B Batteries Shaped Canada’s Destiny

On October 20th, we commemorate a pivotal moment in Canadian military and national history: the creation of A and B Batteries in 1871. This decision marked the birth of Canada’s Permanent Force, a crucial step towards establishing a professional Canadian Army and affirming the Dominion's commitment to self-defence. The establishment of these artillery batteries in Kingston, Ontario, and Quebec City, Quebec, not only underscored Canada’s emerging sovereignty but also laid the groundwork for the development of a capable and disciplined national military force.

Before 1871, Canada relied heavily on British Regular garrisons and local Canadian militia units for defence. However, the withdrawal of British troops in the early 1870s created a strategic imperative for Canada to assert its autonomy in matters of national security. The formation of A and B Batteries was a bold declaration: Canada was ready to begin to resume responsibility for its own defence. These units were the first full-time, professional soldiers in the Canadian military, trained to uphold the highest standards of artillery skill, discipline, and leadership. Their establishment set in motion the evolution of a professional Canadian Army, which would grow to serve the nation across countless conflicts and peacekeeping missions over the next century and a half.

The history of A and B Batteries is intertwined with the broader narrative of Canada’s military development. From their inception, these batteries provided essential artillery training and expertise, becoming the nucleus around which Canada’s defence capabilities were built. As the years passed, Canada’s gunners continued to serve with distinction, both at home and abroad. From the mud of Flanders during the First World War to the beaches of Normandy in the Second World War, and from peacekeeping missions in Cyprus to operations in Afghanistan, Canadian gunners have consistently demonstrated excellence, bravery, and professionalism. This long and storied history is a testament to over 150 years of dedication to duty, exemplifying the motto “Ubique” (Everywhere).

The creation of A and B Batteries is not merely a military event; it represents a key element in the evolution of Canadian identity. It was one of the first actions taken by the Dominion of Canada to assume the responsibilities of a self-reliant nation. Today, the legacy of A and B Batteries is enshrined in the history of the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery, and their creation has been recognized as a national historic event by the Government of Canada. This recognition serves to highlight the enduring significance of these batteries, both as a symbol of Canada’s military heritage and as a testament to the professionalism and skill of Canada’s gunners who continue to serve with distinction.

On October 20th, as we reflect on the creation of A and B Batteries, let us honour the service and sacrifices of all Canadian gunners who have served, and continue to serve, our great nation. Their steadfast commitment to protecting our country—through times of war, peace, and change—has shaped the history of the Canadian Armed Forces and the very fabric of Canada itself. The establishment of these batteries was not just the beginning of Canada’s Permanent Force; it was the beginning of a legacy of professionalism, excellence, and dedication to service that endures to this day.

Today, we pay tribute to over 150 years of continuous service, from the earliest days of A and B Batteries to the modern-day Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery.