Assessing the Police – Part 12 – University, College and K12 Police & Security Departments

The purpose of this article is to shed some light on how many Universities, Colleges and K12 Police Departments exist in California and what legal authority they possess. Under the California Master Plan for Higher Education of 1960, the state of California has a three-tier public higher education system, which includes the University of California system, the California State University system, and the California Community College system, all three systems have their own police agencies to keep the campuses safe. I am going to start with the UC system that has a total of 10 campuses and work down to the K-12 system which has 10,588 campuses in California, discussing their roles and responsibilities and legal authority at each level, as well as provide some historical perspective. 

Every institution of learning has a legal, ethical, and moral obligation to protect everyone on campus, including students, faculty, and staff; as well as protecting the real and personal property of the institution. In academic institutions where safety is a concern and arguably students are not safe while attending school, it is clear learning is reduced, success is reduced, and the academic institution is less effective in accomplishing their goals. It is the intent of the California legislature in enacting the laws discussed in this article that university, college and K12 police agencies are responsible for public safety at each physical location and all institutions should be protected by city and county law enforcement agencies if the district does not employ its own police services.

Officers listed at all levels listed in this article have many responsibilities, including but not limited to working with administrators and faculty on developing comprehensive safety plans to ensure campuses are safe places for students to learn. Officers develop best practices and then conducting drills - such as active shooter drills - for students and teachers to help prepare for the potential of a hostile threat on the campus. All these officers engage in internal dispute mediation, breaking up fights and de-escalating aggression between students. If a student is caught breaking the law - drinking or using drugs, bringing a weapon to campus, or making violent threats against students or staff, part of the officer's job description may be to investigate and arrest the offender. Lesser infractions should be remanded to the institution for disposition and punishment, such as detention or suspension via an internal discipline process that does not involve the campus police.

An officer's job description may include paroling campus grounds, looking for broken fencing, unlocked doors, or gates, viewing video and closed-circuit TV security monitors and watching for strangers or suspicious activity in or around campus. Officers may give presentations to students and faculty on subjects including campus safety, crime prevention, the dangers of drug abuse and bullying, and online safety tips. It is also in an officer's job description to help protect against theft and property damage, assist in medical emergencies, and respond to 911 calls to campus facilities.

UC System (10 campuses) PC 830.2(b)

The University of California employs more than 267 police officers who provide the full range of law enforcement services at all 10 UC campuses and 5 medical centers. The UC system has about 280,380 students that participate in 800-degree programs. The 10 campuses are UC Berkeley, UC Davis, UC Irvine, UC Los Angeles, UC Merced, UC Riverside, UC San Diego, UC San Francisco, UC Santa Barbara, and UC Santa Cruz. Each of the 10 departments operate as an independent police department, even though they may all wear the same patch, they are for practical purposes their own departments. For example, the California Highway Patrol has one leader, the Commissioner. Below the commissioner are deputy commissioners, division chiefs, etc. There is no single chief of the UCPD, there are 10 chiefs, one for each campus. However, one chief is selected as the department's central coordinator for the purpose of compiling crime statistics from each campus. The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act is a federal law that requires campus police (at all levels) to report crime statistics for the campus and surrounding areas. This allows people considering attending a particular institution to review all reported crime issues to determine if it is a safe place to obtain an education. The coordinator does not dictate the day-to-day operations of the department, and each department sets its own standard operating procedures. The departments maintain frequent communication with each other, often calling upon each other for mutual aid for large sporting events, public protests and riots, etc. 

Almost all the UC police departments have a Community Service Officer (CSO) program. CSOs are non-sworn student employees that perform various tasks for the department. Although their job description varies slightly from department to department, most utilize CSOs to perform night escorts, building checks, and general citizen assistance. Because CSOs have no legal authority, their main purpose is to act as additional "eyes and ears" of the department and report suspicious behavior to the PD. UC police officers derive their legal authority from Penal Code section 830.2(b), which states a member of the University of California Police Department, appointed pursuant to Section 92600 of the Education Code, provided that the primary duty of the peace officer shall be the enforcement of the law within the area specified in the Education Code, is a California Peace Officer.

Under the Education Code 92600, the Regents of the University of California are authorized and empowered to appoint members to the University of California police department as such police department which was constituted on September 19, 1947. Persons employed and compensated as members of the UC police department, when so appointed and duly sworn, are peace officers; provided, that such officers shall not exercise their powers or authority except (a) upon the campuses of the University of California and an area within one mile of the exterior boundaries of each thereof, (b) in or about other grounds or properties owned, operated, controlled or administered by the Regents of the University of California, and (c) as provided in Section 830.2 of the Penal Code.

Private Universities - PC 830.7(b)

Under Penal Code 830.7, officers at private universities are NOT California peace officers, however they may exercise the powers of arrest of a peace officer, as specified in Penal Code Section 836, during the course and within the scope of their employment, if they successfully complete a course in the exercise of those powers pursuant to Section 832. Penal code section 830.7(b) states in part persons regularly employed as security officers for independent institutions of higher education, recognized under subdivision (b) of Section 66010 of the Education Code, if the institution has completed a memorandum of understanding, permitting the exercise of that authority, with the sheriff or the chief of police within whose jurisdiction the institution lies. Under 66010(b) an "independent institution of higher education" are those nonpublic higher education institutions that grant undergraduate degrees, graduate degrees, or both, and that are formed as nonprofit corporations in this state and are accredited by an agency recognized by the United States Department of Education.

A good example of this is the USC Department of Public Safety (DPS), one of the largest campus public safety departments in the United States employing 306 full-time personnel and 30 part-time student workers. The department’s primary mission is to provide a safe and secure environment on campus and in the local USC community that allows students, faculty, staff, and campus visitors to realize their academic and social pursuits. The department Public Safety Officers are armed and have limited powers of arrest while on-duty and on university property per California Penal Code 830.7(b). Private universities do not participate in the POST program and are not eligible for POST training reimbursement.

Per section 830.75(a), a person regularly employed as a security officer for an independent institution of higher education recognized under subdivision (b) of Section 66010 of the Education Code may be deputized or appointed by the sheriff or the chief of police of the jurisdiction in which the institution is located as a reserve deputy or officer pursuant to Section 830.6, notwithstanding that he or she is compensated by the institution of higher education or that the assigned specific law enforcement functions and duties may be of a recurring or continuous nature, if both of the following requirements are met: (1) The person meets the requirements specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 832.6. (2) The institution of higher education and the appropriate local law enforcement agency have entered into a memorandum of understanding.

Per section 830.75(b) the authority of a person designated as a peace officer pursuant to this section extends to any place in the state and applies only while he or she is engaged in the performance of his or her assigned duties for his or her institution of higher education pursuant to the memorandum entered into pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (a). The primary duty of a person designated as a peace officer pursuant to this section shall be the enforcement of the law upon the campuses of his or her institution of higher education and within one mile of the exterior of those campuses, and in or about other grounds and properties owned, operated, controlled, or administered by that institution of higher education. Per section (c) vehicles owned by an independent institution of higher education that are specifically designated for use by persons designated as peace officers pursuant to this section shall be deemed authorized emergency vehicles for all purposes of the law within the institution’s jurisdiction.

CSU System (23 campuses) PC 830.2(c)

Each of the California State University Police/Public Safety Departments are charged with maintaining a safe campus environment by enforcing federal and state laws, CSU regulations, and the establishment of crime deterrence and prevention-related programs. Just like with the 10 UC campuses, each of the 23 CSU campuses operates its own police department with its own chief of police, for a list of these agencies see the link below:

https://www2.calstate.edu/systemwide-campus-safety-security/Pages/university-police-departments-accessible.aspx The 23 CSU Police Departments include CSUPD Bakersfield PD, Cal Maritime Academy CSUPD, Channel Islands CSUPD, Chico CSUPD, Dominguez Hills DPS, East Bay CSUPD, Fresno DPS, Fullerton CSUPD, Humboldt DPS, Long Beach CSUPD, Los Angeles DPS, Monterey Bay CSUPD, Northridge Dept. Police Services, Pomona DPS, Sacramento CSUPD, San Bernardino CSUPD, San Diego CSUPD, San Francisco CSUPD, San José CSUPD, San Luis Obispo CSUPD, San Marcos DPS, Sonoma CSUPD, and Stanislaus DPS.

Under Penal Code section 830.2(c) a member of any California State University Police Department, appointed pursuant to Section 89560 of the Education Code, provided that the primary duty of the peace officer shall be the enforcement of the law within the area specified in Section 89560 of the Education Code. As specified by Section 89560 of the California Education Code, their primary jurisdiction extends to the campuses and properties owned by the trustees of the California State University, as well as lands within a one-mile (1.6 km) radius of those campuses. California State University campus police are committed to providing a safe and secure environment for all members of the Cal State community. With an overarching objective of building community trust and establishing a guardian mentality, every officer is committed to creating a campus culture that contributes to the intellectual, social, and personal development of CSU students.

Community College System (116 campuses) PC 830.32(a)

The California Community College System is a postsecondary education system in the state of California. The system includes the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges and 73 community college districts. The districts currently operate 116 colleges, making the California Community College system the largest system of higher education in the United States, serving more than 2.1 million students. For a full list of all community college campuses see link at: www.cccco.edu/Students/Find-a-College/College-Alphabetical-Listing

Community College Police Officers derive their peace officer status from California Penal Code section 830.32. They are peace officers whose authority extends to any place in the state for the purpose of performing their primary duty or when making an arrest pursuant to Section 836 as to any public offense with respect to which there is immediate danger to person or property, or of the escape of the perpetrator of that offense, or pursuant to Section 8597 or 8598 of the Government Code. Those peace officers may carry firearms, only if authorized and under terms and conditions specified by their employing agency. Per penal code 830.32(a) members of a California Community College police department appointed pursuant to Section 72330 of the Education Code, if the primary duty of the police officer is the enforcement of the law as prescribed in Section 72330 of the Education Code, are California Peace Officers.

Per section 72330(a) the governing board of each of the community college districts may establish a community college police department under the supervision of a community college chief of police and, in accordance with Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 88000) of Part 51, may employ personnel as necessary to enforce the law on or near the campus of the community college and on or near other grounds or properties owned, operated, controlled, or administered by the community college or by the state acting on behalf of the community college.

Per section 72331, every member of a community college police department shall be supplied with, and authorized to wear, a badge bearing the words “Community College Police” prefaced by the name of the district, and shall be issued a suitable identification card bearing his or her physical description, photograph, and authority for peace officer status, and such other identification data as may be required by local law enforcement agencies, countersigned by the chief administrative officer of the district. The governing board may direct the wearing of a distinctive uniform and shall prescribe such a uniform. The governing board shall pay for the required uniforms, equipment, identification cards, and badges.

Each campus of a multi-campus community college district may designate a chief of police or have one chief for the entire district. Section (b) The governing board of a community college district that establishes a community college police department under subdivision (a) may also establish a police reserve officer program to supplement that police department. Section (c) states persons employed and compensated as members of a community college police department, when so appointed and duly sworn, are peace officers as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830.32) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code. Section (d) the governing board of a community college district that establishes a community college police department shall set minimum qualifications of employment for the community college chief of police, including, but not limited to, prior employment as a peace officer or completion of any peace officer training course approved by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training.

The current POST participating community college police departments in California include the following, Allan Hancock, Butte, Cerritos, Chaffey, Coast, Contra Costa, Cuesta DPS, El Camino, Foothill-Deanza, Glendale, Irvine Valley, Los Rios, Marin, Merced, Mira Costa, Ohlone, Palomar, Pasadena City, Riverside, Saddleback, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Francisco, San Joaquin Delta, San Jose/Evergreen, Santa Monica, Southwestern, State Center, Ventura, Victor Valley, and West Valley.

The history of community colleges in our state is interesting. In 1907, the California State Legislature, seeing a benefit to society in education beyond high school but realizing the load could not be carried by existing colleges, authorized the state's high schools to create "junior colleges" to offer courses like those offered in the first two years of existing university studies. A collegiate "department" of Fresno High School was set up in the fall of 1910. This department later developed into Fresno City College, which is the oldest community college in California and the second oldest community college in the United States. The Junior College Act was passed in 1917, expanding the mission by adding trade studies such as mechanical and industrial arts, household economy, agriculture, and commerce. In the early 1920s, the Legislature authorized the creation of junior colleges as entirely separate educational institutions, in addition to the existing programs offered by high schools. In 1921, California passed legislation which allowed for the creation of junior college districts separate from existing high school districts.

The 1960 Master Plan for Higher Education was a turning point in higher education in California. Under the Master Plan, as implemented through the Donahoe Higher Education Act, the UC and CSU systems were to limit their enrollments, yet an overall goal was to "provide an appropriate place in California public higher education for every student who is willing and able to benefit from attendance", meaning the junior colleges were to fulfill this role. The Master Plan provided that junior colleges would be established within commuting distance of nearly all California residents, which required the founding of twenty-two new colleges on top of the sixty-four colleges already operating as of 1960.

The Master Plan refers only to "junior colleges" and does not use the term "community college." In 1967, the junior colleges became community colleges. The Legislature with the concurrence of the Governor created the Board of Governors for the Community Colleges to oversee the community colleges and formally established the community college district system, requiring all areas of the state to be included within a community college district. The Legislature also expressly expanded the mission of the community colleges to include vocational degree programs and continuing adult education programs. Community Colleges became the home of most police academies and criminal justice programs, while the CSU and UC systems focused more on liberal arts and bachelorette degree programs.

Community College Security Officers - ED Code 72330.5 

Security Officers are NOT California Peace Officers, per 72330.5(a) security officers can assist in ensuring the safety of pupils, staff, and the public on or near California’s community colleges. Per 72330.5(b) after July 1, 2000, every school security officer employed by a community college district who works more than 20 hours a week as a school security officer shall complete a course of training developed no later than July 1, 1999, by the Bureau of Security and Investigative Services of the Department of Consumer Affairs in consultation with the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training pursuant to Section 7583.31 of the Business and Professions Code. If any community college security officer subject to the requirements of this subdivision is required to carry a firearm while employed, that security officer shall additionally satisfy the training requirements of Section 832 of the Penal Code.

Per 72330.5(c) a “security officer” means any person primarily employed or assigned pursuant to subdivision (b) to provide security services as a watchperson, security guard, or patrolperson on or about premises owned or operated by the community college district to protect persons or property or to prevent the theft or unlawful taking of district property of any kind or to report any unlawful activity to the district and local law enforcement.

Per 72330.5(d) no security officer shall be employed or shall continue to be employed by the district after July 1, 2000, until both of the following conditions have been met: (1) The applicant or employee has submitted to the district two copies of his or her fingerprints on forms or electronically, as prescribed by the Department of Justice. The district shall submit the fingerprints to the State Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. An applicant or employee who holds a permanent registration with the Bureau of Security and Investigative Services of the Department of Consumer Affairs as a security guard need only submit one copy of his or her fingerprints, which copy shall be submitted to the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation. An applicant or employee who is registered by the Bureau of Security and Investigative Services of the Department of Consumer Affairs, and who holds a firearms qualification card as specified in Section 7583.22 of the Business and Professions Code, is exempt from the requirements of this subdivision.

K12 School System (10,588 campuses) PC 830.32(a) for School Police and PC 830.1 for SRO’s

In my humble opinion, children must be nurtured and protected from gangs, drug abuse, and other risky behaviors to ensure that they grow up healthy and become productive members of society. One of the best ways to make sure that happens is to shelter and protect our children while they are attending school. To enhance our youth’s chances of success, schools must strive to create a positive school environment, with parental involvement, strong partnerships between students and law enforcement, implementation of drug, alcohol, and violence prevention programs; early intervention programs; school and community mental health prevention and treatment intervention services; and early childhood psychosocial and emotional development programs to name just a few options. 

California has 1,037 K-12 (Kindergarten through 12th Grade) school districts, these districts have 10,588 individual schools with a total of 6,163,000 students (2020). The majority of these schools are served by police officers from unified school district police departments, or school resource officers from the local municipal or county law enforcement agencies in the jurisdiction in which the schools are located, or the schools contract security services. The role of school-based police is to build positive relationships between children and officers, who frequently serve as youth mentors, while at the same time ensuring law and order, this of course is not as easy as it would seem.

School District Police Departments – Pursuant 830.32 (b) Persons employed as members of a police department of a school district pursuant to Section 38000 of the Education Code, if the primary duty of the police officer is the enforcement of the law as prescribed in Section 38000 of the Education Code. Current POST participating unified school district police departments in California include the following districts, Apple Valley, Baldwin Park, Clovis, Compton, Fontana, Hesperia, Inglewood, Kern High School District, Los Angeles, Montebello, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Jose, Santa Ana, Snowline Joint Unified, Stockton, and Val Verde Unified.

Per the California Education Code section 38000(b) the governing board of a school district may establish a school police department under the supervision of a school chief of police and, in accordance with Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 45100) of Part 25, may employ peace officers, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 830.32 of the Penal Code, to ensure the safety of school district personnel and pupils, and the security of the real and personal property of the school district. Per section (a) the governing board may establish a security department.

Per section (c) the governing board of a school district that establishes a police or security department shall set minimum qualifications of employment for the chief of security or school chief of police, respectively, including, but not limited to, prior employment as a peace officer or completion of a peace officer training course approved by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training. A chief of security or school chief of police shall comply with the prior employment or training requirement set forth in this subdivision as of January 1, 1993, or a date one year after the initial employment of the chief of security or school chief of police by the school district, whichever occurs later. This subdivision shall not be construed to require the employment by a school district of additional personnel. Per section (d) A school district may assign a school police reserve officer who is deputized pursuant to Section 35021.5 to a school site to supplement the duties of school police officers pursuant to this section.

School resource officers (SROs) – Pursuant to 830.1, persons employed as members of municipal or county police departments and sheriff offices are California Peace Officers, these agencies may assign officers or deputies to positions within schools to maintain law and order and protect the schools from harm. School resources are full-time police officers, they are simply working in a school district as a specific assignment in elementary, middle, or high schools in their jurisdiction.

School resource officers must have several professional and personal traits that allow them to integrate successfully into a school environment. In addition to the services they provide, resource officers also model moral and ethical police behavior for students to help promote better relationships between the public and law enforcement officers. School resource officers focus on more than just emergency response; they are also proactive, working in a counseling role, helping to avert problems. They often are the ones to recognize signs of child abuse in younger students, identify students with food insecurities or other family welfare issues, they are in many cases the ones that connect families with much needed social services. They often meet with and counsel troubled students, refer students to outside social services as necessary, participate in parent conferences and play a role in disciplinary action, as necessary. SRO duties may include working as part of the school staff, as well as part of their police department, in a liaison capacity.

Campus Law Enforcement Course (Required for K12 and Community College Officers)

Per penal code section 830.32(c) Any peace officer employed by a K-12 public school district or California Community College district who has completed training as prescribed by subdivision (f) of Section 832.3 shall be designated a school police officer.

Per 830.32(f) any school police officer first employed by a K–12 public school district or California Community College district after July 1, 1999, shall successfully complete a basic course of training as prescribed by subdivision (a) before exercising the powers of a peace officer. A school police officer shall not be subject to this subdivision while participating as a trainee in a supervised field training program approved by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training.

Per Penal Code Section 832.2, every school police reserve officer, as described in Section 38000 of the Education Code, shall complete a course of training approved by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training relating directly to the role of school police reserve officers. The school police reserve officer training course shall address guidelines and procedures for reporting offenses to other law enforcement agencies that deal with violence on campus and other school related matters, as determined by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training.

Per 830.32(g) the POST commission shall prepare a specialized course of instruction for the training of school peace officers, as defined in Section 830.32, to meet the unique safety needs of a school environment. The course is intended to supplement any other training requirements. Per 830.32(h) any school peace officer first employed by a K–12 public school district or California Community College district before July 1, 1999, shall successfully complete the specialized course of training prescribed in subdivision (g) no later than July 1, 2002. Any school police officer first employed by a K–12 public school district or California Community College district after July 1, 1999, shall successfully complete the specialized course of training prescribed in subdivision (g) within two years of the date of first employment.

Per Penal Code Section 832.3(c) community colleges may give preference in enrollment to employed law enforcement trainees who shall complete training as prescribed by this section. At least 15 percent of each presentation shall consist of non-law-enforcement trainees if they are available. Preference should only be given when the trainee could not complete the course within the time required by statute, and only when no other training program is reasonably available. Average daily attendance for these courses shall be reported for state aid.

Per section (d) prior to July 1, 1987, the commission shall make a report to the Legislature on academy proficiency testing scores. This report shall include an evaluation of the correlation between academy proficiency test scores and performance as a peace officer.

Per section (f) any school police officer first employed by a K–12 public school district or California Community College district after July 1, 1999, shall successfully complete a basic course of training as prescribed by subdivision (a) before exercising the powers of a peace officer. A school police officer shall not be subject to this subdivision while participating as a trainee in a supervised field training program approved by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training. Per section (g) the POST commission shall prepare a specialized course of instruction for the training of school peace officers, as defined in Section 830.32, to meet the unique safety needs of a school environment. This course is intended to supplement any other training requirements.

Per section (h) any school peace officer first employed by a K–12 public school district or California Community College district before July 1, 1999, shall successfully complete the specialized course of training prescribed in subdivision (g) no later than July 1, 2002. Any school police officer first employed by a K–12 public school district or California Community College district after July 1, 1999, shall successfully complete the specialized course of training prescribed in subdivision (g) within two years of the date of first employment.

The California College & University Police Chiefs Association

The CCUPCA offers one of the most comprehensive and informed networks of university and college law enforcement leaders in California. The association represents both private and public colleges as well as universities, their Police Chiefs, Directors and Command-level officers of their member-agencies along with their partner organizations offer a wide array of resources to the membership. The California College & University Police Chiefs Association has rapidly become one of the most influential voices in the California legislative process. As public policy concerning public safety on campuses of higher education evolves and adjusts to a changing society. Administrative rules and policies intended to address specific problems associated with school safety and discipline are constantly debated.

Removing Disruptive Students

In the past few years, the trend in many California communities has been to defund the police, remove officers from schools to save money or redirect funds from policing to other social programs. Several unified school police departments have been eliminated or greatly reduced, such as Baldwin Park, Inglewood, Los Angeles and Oakland. I have heard some in academia say campus officers do more harm than good, they hurt minority students in particular, they contribute to some school kids ending up later in life in prison, therefore they should be cut or eliminated completely. I completely disagree with this theory, many vocal advocates for racial and social equality should consider the possibility that the problematic patterns of behavior are the primary contributing factor leading to some students being contacted by the police at school, the same way it would in any community by any law enforcement agency, not the school police officer on campus that must deal with this behavior. I understand that even if some school police departments are cut or defunded, the school district will still incur costs, many will simply have to contract with local agencies for police services, and not realize the savings advocates were hoping for to be directed into other beneficial programs.

It lacks common sense to allow an individual or small handful of disruptive students to corrupt the learning environment for an entire class or school because they would suffer personal negative consequences if they were removed. More emphasis needs to be placed on individual responsibility and protecting the victims’ rights, and the right of the entire class to learn what the faculty is trying to teach in a threat and violence free environment. This is a SAFETY issue all academic institutions must address as they are solely responsible for the safety of everyone on their property. Regardless of what our views are on the use of marijuana for example, most of us would agree that it does not belong on K12 school or college campuses.

Removing the disruptive students improves the safety of a school, the key challenge is to do this in a fair and impartial manner. Perhaps the biggest problem with removing disruptive students and related policies is the inconsistent application and interpretation from district to district. Administrators must use common sense when addressing minor violations and consider internal remedies such as detention or suspension, or a student review board where their peers can give input and recommend discipline, allowing the campus police to focus on criminal conduct and campus safety not minor infractions.

Each school policy should incorporate an element of discretion into the policy leaving room for a school board to evaluate each incident, considering past disciplinary problems, academic record, extra-curricular activities, level of violence or damage, etc. There must be a system in place that provides for a fair review and due process for every student. The policy must also have specific and clear consequences for illegal and disruptive behavior. All students that enter the school must be informed of the prohibited behavior and be given a copy of the policy to review and sign. They must fully understand what is expected of them and what the consequences of their actions will be. Only when we begin to deal with the conditions that cause so many of our young people to turn to crime and violence will we begin to realize a safer society. 

Our children represent the future of our nation, providing a safe education to all students at all levels of their academic journeys must be a top priority of our educational system, this can only be accomplished with dedicated faculty, staff and campus law enforcement officers.