Biomarkers for Longevity
01 Introduction
Longevity biomarkers are measurable characteristics or indicators within our bodies that provide insights into the aging process and potential lifespan. These biomarkers help scientists and researchers understand how our bodies age and what factors may influence our overall health and longevity. By studying specific biomarkers, researchers can gain valuable information about the aging process and potentially identify interventions to promote healthier and extended lives. In this issue, we’ll explore the various biomarkers that scientists and researchers utilize to measure and understand the complex process of aging.
02 Telomere Length.
Telomeres, the protective caps at the end of our chromosomes, gradually shorten as cells divide over time. This process is often associated with aging. Scientists have found that telomere length can serve as a biomarker for longevity, as longer telomeres tend to be linked to better health and increased lifespan. For example, researchers have found that a telomere length of five kilobases is the telomeric brink, which denotes a high risk of disease or mortality. Shortening of telomeres can be slowed by DNA and cellular protection from lifestyle factors, while lengthening can be achieved via an enzyme called telomerase that can be produced through specific foods and supplements.
03 Mitochondrial Function.
Mitochondrial function serves as a biomarker for longevity due to its crucial role in the aging process. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of our cells, responsible for generating energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Over time, mitochondrial function naturally declines, leading to reduced energy production and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cells and contribute to aging. Biomarkers related to mitochondrial function, such as ATP levels, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, and ROS production, can indicate the efficiency and health of mitochondria.
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04 Metabolic Markers.
Metabolic markers are measurable parameters related to energy metabolism, glucose regulation, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity. While not direct predictors of longevity, they serve as biomarkers for longevity due to their association with age-related diseases and overall health. Monitoring metabolic markers provides insights into the risks and health complications associated with aging, such as elevated blood glucose levels and abnormal lipid profiles. Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) serve as one metabolic marker. CGMs are devices that measure and monitor glucose levels in real time throughout the day. By continuously tracking glucose fluctuations, CGMs provide valuable information about an individual's metabolic health and how their body processes and regulates glucose.
05 Epigenetic Clocks.
Epigenetic clocks are the first of biological aging clocks. They look at patterns that emerge in the epigenome, a layer above the genome that determines which genes are turned on and off through a process called methylation. Epigenetic expression is determined by lifestyle and aging, which compose up to 90% of how we age biologically, and epigenetic clocks correlate with age or aging outcomes (morbidity, mortality, and biological abilities, or lack thereof). Many companies' biological age tests are a black box and not open source for scientific scrutiny. NOVOS uses a scientific test that has been found to have the highest accuracy levels of all epigenetic tests to date, with ICC values greater than 0.96.
06 NOVOS Webinar Series: Longevity Nutrition
The latest NOVOS webinar video on Longevity Nutrition is now available to watch on our website and YouTube channel. In this webinar, NOVOS CEO Chris Mirabile dives into the fascinating intersection of nutrition and longevity and discusses practical tips to optimize your nutrition for a healthier and more vibrant life.