Connecting the Dots: Human Factors and SMS

Achieving excellence in aviation safety requires more than just compliance with regulations - it demands an ingrained culture of safety supported by a strong understanding of Human Factors. By seamlessly integrating Human Factors into Safety Management Systems (SMS), organizations can enhance safety performance and productivity while fostering a "zero harm" environment where no one gets hurt.

The Power of Human Factors in Safety

While regulations and SMS frameworks provide the foundation for safe operations, people's behavior and attitudes truly drive safety excellence. Human Factors, including how individuals interact with systems, equipment, and each other, are pivotal in reducing errors and achieving accident-free operations.

Without prioritizing Human Factors, safety management efforts risk becoming mechanical and ineffective. To move the industry toward the next level of safety performance, every professional must understand and apply Human Factors principles as naturally as they address cost, risk, and resources.

You can demonstrate the integration of Human Factors in your safety management system by including consideration of the following: (a) Hazard Identification and Risk Mitigation, (b) Managing Change Without Compromise, (c) Designing Systems and Equipment for Humans, (d) Training Operational Staff for Success, (e) Smarter Task and Job Design, (f) Robust Safety Reporting and Data Analysis, and (g) Investigating with Human Factors in Mind.

Hazard Identification and Risk Mitigation

Integrating Human Factors into your hazard identification process allows you to uncover potential errors and root causes. A pilot noticing unsecured mobile stairs exposed to strong winds as a hazard reminds us of the importance of simple solutions, like signage and staff briefings.

Key HUMAN FACTORS Checklist:

• Evaluate potential for human error during hazard analysis.
• Implement reminders, warnings, and procedures to counter common mistakes.
• Engage staff in identifying and addressing risks through active communication.

Managing Change Without Compromise

Major organizational changes - whether in equipment, processes, or personnel - can introduce significant Human Factors challenges. Critical transitions, like retiring aircraft fleets or adopting new technology, must incorporate structured change management strategies to maintain safety.

Effective Practices Include:

• Offering counseling and updates to affected staff to manage stress and distractions.
• Establishing observation programs to monitor Human Factors issues during transitions.
• Providing comprehensive training to ensure readiness and coordination throughout periods of change.

Designing Systems and Equipment for Humans

Poorly designed equipment can lead to avoidable errors—even serious incidents.

Design Considerations:

• Ensure controls are distinct and intuitive in their function and appearance.
• Minimize accidental activation through protective barriers or safeguards.
• Test new equipment with end-users to ensure seamless compatibility and ergonomics.

Training Operational Staff for Success

Training tailored to the needs of your teams ensures they are prepared for the challenges they face. Conduct a training needs analysis to focus instruction where it's most needed, particularly in non-technical skills like error management.

Training Practices:

• Match training to both individual and team responsibilities.
• Reinforce learning with practical scenarios and continuous improvement cycles.
• Address specific pain points identified during operational assessments.

Smarter Task and Job Design

The way tasks are designed can make or break safety outcomes. Complexity, time pressures, or reliance on memory can lead to mistakes. By redesigning tasks, you enable staff to perform efficiently without undue stress.

Key Design Principles:

• Simplify procedures.
• Incorporate tactile checks and visual prompts to reduce errors.
• Ensure task responsibilities align with individual capabilities and limitations.

Robust Safety Reporting and Data Analysis

Open reporting systems make it easier to spot trends and risks before they result in incidents. Encourage a culture of trust and accountability where employees feel safe reporting hazards and near-misses.

Action Steps:

• Implement non-punitive, confidential reporting channels.
• Hold regular safety discussions and provide feedback on reported issues.
• Use data to identify patterns in decision-making, communication breakdowns, or other Human Factors concerns.

Investigating with Human Factors in Mind

Effective incident investigations dig deep into what happened and why it happened. Incorporate Human Factors considerations to uncover both individual and organizational contributors to events.

Investigation Model Guidelines:

• Train investigators in basic Human Factors principles.
• Use frameworks to map errors at every level.*
• Develop findings into actionable recommendations for future prevention.

The Path to Better Safety Performance

Human Factors integration isn't just a regulatory checkbox; it's the heart of an effective SMS. By embedding these principles into operations, aviation organizations can foster a safer, more resilient industry.

For further resources and guidance on implementing Safety Management Systems, contact WYVERN, THE industry expert, and ask about our SMS software. Contact us for a FREE SMS demo! Together, we can elevate aviation safety and create a safer future.

References

*Examples in the circular. (2014). SMS for Aviation - A Practical Guide, Human Factors. This circular is available for download on our public website.